READING. Read the article and number the paragraphs in the correct order

Read the article and number the paragraphs in the correct order.

=m You might think that the whole point of an extreme sport

;that is dangerous. While this is important, however, it isn't only

!anger that these sportspeople are seeking. They also find these ports incredibly exhila rating -and in fact it's this element

- the combination of fear and enjoyment -that provides the

eal thrill. I n the case of an extreme sportsperson, fear becomes ilea sure.

:=:::El I n today's world, where p're_dators and natu ral dangers eldom exist, this response can eventually cause stress and eelings of anxiety. I n addition, any decisions we make in a risky ituation can actually be influenced by the effect adrenaline

1as on the body. For some people adrenaline can have long­ erm negative effects, but others can actually get addicted to

t and the feeling it gives. These people are often referred to as 3drenaline addicts' or 'junkies'.

=:B Adrenaline is the hormone which prepares our bodies o react in times of stress or danger.When a person perceives 1 situation as dangerous, adrenaline is released into the

1loodstream in order to increase blood flow and hea rt rate. Blood s rapidly supplied to the parts of the body needed most like the egs and the pupils of the eyes. At the same time, the supply is educed to areas of less importance, like the skin and stomach.

=m Evidence of this phenomenon can be found in the

!Ver-growi ng world of extreme sports. There is a now a wide

ange of sports designed to give these adrenaline junkies the

b Read the article again and mark the sentences T (True) or F (False).

1 Adrenaline is a drug injected by extreme sportsmen and women.

2 The effects of adrenaline can vary from person to person.

3 The adrenaline response is still a necessary part of everyday life.

4 The success of extreme sports shows that adrenaline addicts exist.

5 The least important feature of extreme sports is the element of danger involved.

6 Extreme sportsmen and women enjoy feeling scared.

c Match the highlighted words to the con-ect definition.

1 animals that kill and eat other animals predators

2 an event in nature that may not be fully understood

3 appearing from somewhere

4 one important part of something 5 the round black hole in the middle of

your eye

6 a sudden strong feeling of excitement

2 VOCABUL ARY expressions with take

Complete the sentences with a suitable word.

I My girlfriend is very sensible. She doesn't like taking risks.

2 Katie is always campaigning for women's rights. She takes gender equality very s.__

3 I'm looking forward to my holiday so I can take things e for a change_

4 She's the youngest in the family, so nobody ever takes any n of anything she says.

5 My mother takes c of herself and still looks great.

6 You don't have to finish this today. There's no hurry. You can take your t._

:hrill they need. Ever more strange sports are emerging -from

:he more normal (such as skydiving or snowboa rding), to the ncredibly dangerous. Examples of these include base jumping

7 When I was little I used to take p competitions.

_ in dancing

when people parachute off buildings or cliffs), ice climbi ng, md cave diving.

8 Let's take aof the lovely weather and have a picnic.

3 M I N I G RAM MA R likely and probably Rewrite the sentences with likely or probably. I Our team isn't likely to win the match.

Our team probabl y won't win the match

2 James will probably be going out this evening. James is likely to be going out this evening

3 My boyfriend isn't likely to get the job.

My boyfriend______

4 We probably won't be here this weekend.

b Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1 Ifyou commit (commit) a crime, you'll be punished.

2 Ifthat boy (try) to chat me up again, I'll tell him I'm not interested.

3 I (go) and see the doctor tomorrow if I don't feel better.

4 You (not lose) weight until you stop eating so much.

It

__

5 We (call) an ambulance if you think he's

broken his leg.

5 They'll probably be having dinner when we arrive.

They _

6 There's likely to be a drought if it doesn't rain soon. There______

7 Jessica is probably going to fail her driving test.

Jessica__

8 It isn't very likely that I'llbe taking part in the campaign.

! _

4 G RAM MA R conditionals and future time clauses

a Check what you know. Revise the rules. Then do b.

• first conditional and future time clauses + when, until, etc.

first conditional sentences: if (or unless)+ present simple,

will I won't+ infinitive.·

Ifyou don't do more work, you'll fail the exam. He'll be late for work if he doesn't hurry up.

She won't get into university unless she gets good grades.

• Use the present tense (NOT the future) after if in first conditional sentences.

• unless= if...not

I won't go unless she invites me. =Iwon't go if she doesn't invite me.

• You can also use an imperative instead of the will clause,

e.g. Come and see us next week if you have time.

• Use the present tense (NOT the future) after when, as soon as, until, before, and after to talk about the future.

• as soon as = at the moment when

I'll call you as soon as I arrive.

6 You'll regret it if you (not take)

advantage of this opportunity.

7 The jury (not give) their verdict until they all agree.

8 If fuel prices go up, low-cost airlines _(go) out of business.

c New grammar. Circle the correct answer.

1 Don't leave the medicine on the table if I

the children open it.

2 Let's stop the car unless I until it stops pouring with rain.

3 You'll have plenty of time to travel when I ifyour children grow up.

4 If I In case there isn't enough evidence, the man will be acquitted.

5 Please return to your seats until I as soon as the fasten seatbelt sign is switched on.

6 Let's go to the duty free shop before I after our flight leaves.

7 I'll get changed to go out until I after I've had dinner.

8 You'll get soaked if I unless you go out now.

d Right (.t) or wrong(X)? Correct the wrong sentences.

1 Ifthere will be a blizzard tomorrow, we won't be able to leave the house.

X If there is a blizzard tomorrow, we won't be able to

leave the house.

2 l'm staying in tonight unless my friends call me.

./

3 Don't take the tablets until you will have your lunch.

4 I call you as soon as I get to my hotel this evening.

El

5 Bring your swimsuit in case you'll want to have a swim. 6 I'll have dinner later, after I've finished in the garden.

7 You can't watch TV until you finish your homework. 8 My boyfriend will call me as soon as he will land.

9 Are you getting changed before you will go out?

I 0 People won't be allowed to fill their swimming pools if the drought continue.

5 P RON U N CIATI ON sentence rhythm

a Underline the stressed words.

1 Please take me seriously.

2 They took advantage of me. 3 He never takes decisions.

4 Don't take any notice of her. 5 Take it easy for a few days.

6 He didn't take part in the game.

More Words to Learn

Write translations and try to remember the words.

EJ Listen to part of a radio programme where Andy Evans talks about bungee jumping and complete the sentences. You sometimes have to write more than one word.

The first bungee jumpers were discovered on the island of Vanuatu, which is in the __

2 Young men called 'land divers' used to jump off platforms with vines tied to_

3 In 1979 Chris Baker and four friends jumped off the Clifton Suspension Bridge in the city of _ using a rope called a 'bungee'.

4 Immediately after the team had jumped, they _ by police.

5 However, people carried on doing bungee jumps, especially in __

6 Many people did jumps from the Golden Gate

----

in San Francisco.

b Practise saying the sentences in a.

Phrasal verbs in context

Complete the phrasal verbs from File 3 with the correct particle.

through down out (x2) on

I Just carrywith what you're doing and tell me when you've finished.

2 Kerry wenta really hard time after the divorce. 3 Watch!There's a car coming.

4 The man gotof his car and wall<ed into the bank. 5 He's been unemployed since the factory closed_

I

7 Some of the jumps were sponsored by __ television.

8 Fatalities sometimes occur when people use a bungee which is_

9 Calculations and fittings should be_ checked before each jump.

m Listen again with the tapescript on p.76 and try to

guess the meaning of any words that you don't know.

Then check in your dictionary.

4j@rJm• MultiROM

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