The Word as a basic unit in L

1- The definitions of a word and its basic characteristics.

2- The theory of a word.

3- The morphemic structure of a word.

1- A word should posses some characteristics which distinguish it from other Ling units, its indivisibility (Nothing can be inserted between its elements), positional mobility (can take different position between the sentences), uninterruptability (the word is internally stable in terms of a order of a const morphemes). The word is the smallest significant unit of a given language capable of functioning alone and characterized by positional mobility within the sentence, morphological uninterruptability and semantic integrity.

2- The 1^st problem of any science is to solve the basic units. The theory of a word was introduced in near 50es by proff Smelnycky, in this theory he argued the basic states af a word as the smallest vocabulary unit pointing out the major properties of a word and its differences from other types of vocabulary units. Problems – the size of unit problem and the identity of unit problem. In vocabulary we can find 3 types of units (morphemes, word, phrase), oe of with to be recognized as basic should perform nomenotive and communicative function (as a word and as a part in a construction in a sentence). By comparison he isolated a word as the basic unit for the following reasons: a morpheme has only one type of language meaning either L or Grammatical or word-building, it’s the smallest meaningful unit but it cannot function in a sentence. What is the extend to which the word may change or very in both planes to remain the same unit. So Smelnycky produced the classification of types of variation of the word.

1 – Phonetic variants, 2 – Word-building variants, 3 – Morphological variants (irregular verbs), 4 – Lexico-semantic variants (Related meanings making up the poly-semantic words)

3- A word consists of morphemes which can be defined as the smallest meaningful units which have a sound, form and meaning and which occur in speech only as a part of a word.

Morphemes divide into: Root and affixes. Affixes are divided into prefixes, suffixes and interfixes. According to their ability to function alone M are divided into: free, bound. Free M can be used alone and coincide with word forms. Bound M are not found in isolation. Bound M can be further divided into: derivation and inflectional. So D change the meaning of part of speech in a word. Inf do not change a words’ part of speech meaning, they add grammatical information. There are 8 inflectional affixes: s, ed, ing, en/ed, s (plural), ‘s (possessive case), er, est. There are groups of words in which its difficult to single out morphemes because what looks like a root morphemes has no meaning of its own: pseudo-morphemes. Some root morphemes are becoming affix ones so becoming a semi-morphemes.

2^nd lecton.

Morphological analysis steps:

1 – How many morphemes are in the word

2 – Identify each morpheme a word as bound or free, rot pref or suff, and if affix infl or direv.

3 – For bound M. give at least of other words in which the same M. appears.

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