The study of voc. as a system

The connection of lexicology with phonetics, stylistics, grammar.

Phonetics. On acoustic level words consist of phonemes and these phonemes participate in the significations. They have no meaning but their function is to build up morphemes, which served to distinguish between meanings. Stylistics studies many problems treated in lexicology: these are the problem of meaning, synonyms, differentiation of vocabulary according to the sphere of communication. Grammar. It attends to establish rules for the correct use of the language in society. Every word alongside with the lex. meaning has some grammatical meaning.

The Structural Aspects of the word.

The word is a unit of speech, which serves the purposes of human communication materially representing the group of sounds possessing a meaning susceptible to grammatical employment and characterized by formal and semantic unity. So it can be defined as: a unity of communication; it can be perceived as the total of sounds; structurally it possess some functions.

There is externa l (morphological) and internal (the meaning - semantic) structure of the word.

A brief Account of the main characteristics of a word.

1. The distinguishing between externa l (morphological) and internal (the meaning - semantic) structure of the word.

2. Unity. The word has external and internal unity. Forma l unity is sometimes inaccurately interpreted as indivisibility of the word. But we can divide it into morphemes but their components are linked together. We can compare words to groups whose components have a certain structural freedom. (E.g.: bluebell ( type of flower ) – blue bell (colour and object )) If it is word we can change the whole of it, phrase – all components.

3. Susceptibility to grammatical employment. Words can be used in different grammatical forms and thus they realize the interrelations.

The main problems of Lexicology

Word building. It’s connected with word structureand process of coining new words. Semantics. It’s the study of meaning.2 approach of studying this problem: syntagmatic (the word is studied in its liner relationships with neighboring words.), paradigmatics (word is studied in its relationships with other words in voc. system; with the synonymy, antonymy and different stylistic characteristics.). E.g.: girl – bird, chick, colee, damsel.

Phraseology. The branch of lex. specializing in word groups which are characterized by stability of structure and transferred meaning. E.g.: To be at a loss.

The study of voc. as a system.

2 approaches: synchronically (at a given stage of development), diachronically (in the contents of the processthrough it grew, developed, acquired in modern form.).

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