Special Literary Vocab-ry

A) TERMS. One of the most characteristic features of a term is its direct relevance to the system or set of terms used in a particular science,discipline or art.A term directs the mind to the essential quality of the thing, phenomenon or action.Therefore terms may be said that they belong to the style of language of science.They may also appear in other styles-in newspaper style, in publistic and practically in all other existing styles of language.B) Poetic and High Literary WORDS.Poetic words are archaic or very rarely used highly literary words which aim at producing an elevated effect.Poetic words and expressions are called upon to sustain the special elevated atmosphere of poetry.This may be said the main function of poetic words.(the old verb ‘clipian’-to call). C)ARCHAIC,Obsolescent and Obsolete Words.There are 3 stages in the aging process of words:The beginning of the aging process when the word becomes rarely used.(pronouns- thee,thy,thine;verbal endings- thou markest,thou wilt). The second group of archaic words are those that have already gone completely out of use but are still recognized by he English-speaking community(methinks- it seems to me). These words are called obsolete. The third group, which may be called archaic proper,are words which are no longer recognizable in modern English, words that were in use in Old English and which have either dropped out of the language entirely or have chamged their appearance so much that they have become unrecognizable(troth(faith).D)BARBARISMs and Foreignisms.Barbarisms are words of foreign origin which have not entirely been assimilated into the English language.There are some words which retain their foreign appearance to a greater or lesser degree.(chic= stylish).Barbarisms are words which have already become facts of the English language.Foreign words though used for certain stylistic purposes,don’t belong to the English vocabulary.Barbarisms are generally given in the body of the dictionary.There are foreign words which fulfil a terminological function.Words as SOVIET,KOLKHOZ and the like certain concepts which reflect an objective reality not familiar to Eng-speaking community.Words as SOLO,TENOR and the like should be distinguished from barbarisms.They are terms.Terminological borrowings have no synonyms,barbarism may have almost synonyms.E)LITERARY Coinages.There is a termNEOLOGISM,in dictionaries it is defined as a new word or a new meaning for an established word.If a word is fixed in a dictionary and provided that the dictionary is reliable,it cases to be a neologism.The 1^st type of newly coined words(those which designate newborn concepts), may be name terminalogical coinages.The 2^nd type, words coined because their creators seek expressive utterance may be named stylistic coinages.
28.Special Colloquial Vocab-ry.A) SLANG.It seems to mean everything that is below the standard of usage of present-day English.(ex. Bread-basket(the stomach), rot(nonsense)). The term ‘slang’ is ambiguous because to use a figurative expressions.B)JARGONISM. It is a recognized term for a group of words that exists in almost every language and whose aim is to preserve secrecy within one or another social group.(grease-‘money’, loaf –'head’).Jargonisms are social in character.In Britain and US any social group of people has its own jargon. (jargon of thieves known as cant.jargon of jazz people.)Jargonism also migrate into other social strata.(Matlo=a sailor.from FRENCH).C) PROFESSIONALISM. Are those words used in a definite trade, profrssion or calling by people connected by common interests both at work and at home.They commonly designate some working process or implement of labour.The main feature of a professionalism is its technicality.(tin-fish=submarine).Professionalism don’t aum at secrecy.They fulfil a socially useful function in communication.D) DIALECTAL words are those which in the process on intergration of the English national language remained beyond its literary boundaries and their use is generally confined to a definite locality.Some dialectical words have become so familiar in good colloquial or stasndard colloquial English that they are accepted as recognized units of the standard colloquial English.(lass=a girl).Most dialects words are Scottish.(hinny from honey).E) VULGAR words or vulgarism. Means a) words or names employed in ordinary speech b) common, familiar c) commonly current or prevalent,geberally or widely disseminated.Vulgarism are: 1) expletives and swear words which are of an abusive character(damn, bloody). 2) obscene.These are known as 4-letter words the use of which is banned in any form of inerrcourse as being indecent.Words are of Anglo-Saxons origin.F) COLLOquial coinages(words and meanings) are spontaneous and elusive.Not all of the colloquial nonce-words are fixed in dictionaries.Nonce-coinage appears in all spheres of life.Particularly interesting are the contextual meanings of words.They may be called nonce-meanings.They are frequently used in one context only and no traces of the meaning are to be found in dictionaries.(‘opening’ –This was an opening and I followed it. Is a contextual meaning which may or not in the long run become 1 of the dictionary meanings.)

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