SPECIALITIES

1. At the beginning of World War II it was possible to recognise a number of major medical specialities, including internal medicine, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, pathology, anaesthesiology, ophthalmology, surgery, orthopaedic surgery, plastic surgery, psychiatry and neurology, radiology, and urology. Haematology was also an important field of study, and microbiology and biochemistry were important medically allied specialities.

2. Since World War II, however, there has been an almost explosive increase of knowledge in the medical sciences as well as enormous advances in technology as applicable to medicine. These developments have led to more and more specialisation.

3. The knowledge of pathology has been greatly extended, mainly by the use of the electron microscope; similarly microbiology, which includes bacteriology, expanded with the growth of such other subfields as virology (the study of viruses) and mycology (the study of yeasts and fungi in medicine). Biochemistry, sometimes called clinical chemistry or chemical pathology, has contributed to the knowledge of disease, especially in the field of genetics where genetic engineering has become a key to curing some of the most difficult diseases. Haematology also expanded after World War II with the development of electron microscopy.

4. Contributions to medicine have come from such fields as psychology and sociology especially in such areas as mental disorders and mental handicaps. Clinical pharmacology has led to the development of more effective drugs and to the identification of adverse reactions. More recently established medical specialities are those of preventive medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation, family practice, and nuclear medicine. In the United States every medical specialist must be certified by a board composed of members of the speciality in which certification is sought. Some type of peer certification is required in most countries.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Medical specialists certification is required in most countries all over the world.

1) истинным

2) ложным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 28 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Psychology and sociology made a certain contribution to medicine.

1) истинным

2) ложным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 29 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Genetic engineering has led to the development of more effective drugs.

1) ложным

2) истинным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 30 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The maintenance of health is now becoming as important a concern as the cure of disease.

1) ложным

2) в тексте нет информации

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Family practice is one of the recently established medical specialities.

1) 2 2) 4

3) 1 4) 3

ЗАДАНИЕ 32 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Anaesthesiology was a recognised medical speciality in 1940s.

1) 4 2) 1

3) 3 4) 2

ЗАДАНИЕ 33 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

What does the science of mycology study?

1) The object of studies of mycology is fungi.

2) It studies drugs.

3) The object of studies of mycology is bacteria.

4) It studies micro-organisms and their ill effects on the body.

ЗАДАНИЕ 34 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

1) Microbiology and biochemistry are important medically allied specialities.

2) Different medical specialities appeared after World War II.

3) The knowledge of haematology and pathology expanded with the development of electron microscopy.

4) The diversification in medical specialities is connected with the increase of knowledge.

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