GENERAL INSPECTION

1. Deviation of various characteristics from the normal, observation of which constitutes the general inspection of an animal, is a useful aid in diagnosing disease. The general inspection includes examination of appearance; behaviour; body condition; respiratory movements; state of skin, coat, and abdomen; and various common actions.

2. The appearance of an animal may be of diagnostic significance; small size in a pig may result from retardation of growth, which is caused by hog-cholera virus. Observation of the behaviour of an animal is of value in diagnosing neurological diseases; e.g., muscle spasms occur in lockjaw (tetanus) in dogs, nervousness and convulsions in dogs with distemper, dullness in horses with equine viral encephalitis, and excitement in animals suffering from lead poisoning. Subtle behavioural changes may not be noticeable.

3. The general condition of the body is of value in diagnosing diseases that cause excessive leanness (emaciation), including certain cancers, or other chronic diseases, such as a deficiency in the output of the adrenal glands or tuberculosis. Defective teeth also may point to malnutrition and result in emaciation.

4. The respiratory movements of an animal are important diagnostic criteria; breathing is rapid in young animals, in small animals, and in animals whose body temperature is higher than normal. Specific respiratory movements are characteristic of certain diseases - e.g., certain movements in horses with heaves (emphysema) or the abdominal breathing of animals suffering from painful lung diseases. The appearance of the skin and hair may indicate dehydration by lack of pliability and lustre; or the presence of parasites such as lice, mites, or fleas; or the presence of ringworm infections and allergic reactions by the skin changes they cause. The poisoning of sheep by molybdenum in their hay may be diagnosed by the loss of colour in the wool of black sheep. Distension of the abdomen may indicate bloat in cattle or colic in horses.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Defective teeth are the sign of allergic reactions.

1) ложным

2) истинным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 28 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

One of the diagnostic criteria is unusual behaviour of an animal.

1) ложным

2) в тексте нет информации

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 29 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Hog-cholera virus may be the reason for the deceleration of an animal’s growth.

1) ложным

2) в тексте нет информации

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 30 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Increased frequency of urination is associated with kidney disease.

1) ложным

2) в тексте нет информации

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

An animal’s appearance is vital for diagnosing diseases.

1) 4 2) 1

3) 2 4) 3

ЗАДАНИЕ 32 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Animals’ abdominal breathing indicates lung diseases.

1) 1 2) 3

3) 2 4) 4

ЗАДАНИЕ 33 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

Why is it important to examine animals’ skin and hair?

1) Their appearance may point to the presence of ringworm infections.

2) Their characteristics are important for identifying excessive leanness.

3) State of skin and hair may indicate certain cancers.

4) Their inspection is a useful aid in diagnosing tuberculosis.

ЗАДАНИЕ 34 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

1) Subtle neurological changes may be noticeable.

2) Diagnostic methods help in animals’ treatment.

3) A veterinarian should measure an animal’s body temperature.

4) Colic in horses is caused by distension of the abdomen.

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