MINERAL DEPOSITS

1. Scientific discipline concerned with the distribution of mineral deposits, the economic considerations involved in their recovery, and assessment of the reserves available is called economic geology. Economic geology deals with metal ores, fossil fuels, and other materials of commercial value, such as salt, gypsum, and building stone. Minerals that make up the rocks are defined as inorganic substances which occur naturally and have a definite chemical composition and physical properties which vary within known limits.

2. The major properties which are used for identification purposes are: colour; crystal form, where available, although most minerals do not show well-developed crystals; cleavage which is the property of minerals to split along one or more series of parallel planes; specific gravity; hardness which refers to the ability of minerals to scratch or to be scratched; lustre which is described in such terms as metallic, glassy, etc. Of these diagnostic properties, colour is, perhaps, the least useful. Cleavage, on the other hand, is one of the most diagnostically useful mineralogical properties that are repeated throughout the mineral.

3. Minerals of use to man can be grouped into two broad categories according to their physical characteristics: metals, such as aluminium, copper, gold, silver, iron, tin, platinum, chromium, nickel, lead, zinc and non-metals such as diamonds, salt, limestone, cement, sulphur, and asbestos. When minerals occur so that they can be worked as a profit they are called ore deposits.

4. Economic minerals are those which are of economic importance and include both metallic (ore minerals) and non-metallic, as cryolite and sulphur. The principal reasons for distinguishing non-metallic deposits from metallic are practical ones and include such economic considerations as methods of recovery and uses.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Inorganic substances have a definite chemical composition.

1) ложным

2) истинным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 28 (- выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

There are lots of categories in which minerals can be grouped.

1) ложным

2) истинным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ N 29 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Economic minerals include both metals and non-metals.

1) истинным

2) ложным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 30 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Some mineral deposits are considered to be formed by the activity of organisms.

1) истинным

2) ложным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Different diagnostic properties are used to identify minerals.

1) 1 2) 3

3) 4 4) 2

ЗАДАНИЕ 32 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Economic geology is a scientific discipline dealing with commercial materials.

1) 4 2) 2

3) 1 4) 3

ЗАДАНИЕ 33 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

What is the least useful feature in identification purposes?

1) Luster, which is described in such terms as metallic, glassy etc.

2) Colour, which is used in diagnostic properties as well.

3) Cleavage, which is the property of minerals to split along one or more series of parallel planes. 4) Hardness, which refers to the ability of minerals to scratch or to be scratched.

ЗАДАНИЕ 34 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

1) Cleavage as one of the most useful mineralogical properties.

2) The usage of the deposits for the profit of people.

3) General information about mineral deposits.

4) The difficulty of distinguishing different types of minerals.

TEST 3

ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа

People who do manual jobs are called manual workers or ____.

1) white collars 2) blue collars

3) civil servants 4) grey collars

ЗАДАНИЕ 2 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ are standards that a culture regards as good and bad, right or wrong.

1) Opinions 2) Attitudes

3) Beliefs 4) Values

ЗАДАНИЕ 3 Выберите один вариант ответа

Forests cover approximately 9,4% of the Earth’s surface, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earth’s ________.

1) atmosphere 2) biosphere

3) hydrosphere 4) lithosphere

ЗАДАНИЕ 4 Выберите один вариант ответа

_____ is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems.

1) Biome 2) Bioaccumulation

3) Biodiversity 4) Biomass

ЗАДАНИЕ 5 Выберите один вариант ответа

Jim gets ____ if he has to study much.

1) boring 2) bored

3) bore 4) boredom

ЗАДАНИЕ 6 Выберите один вариант ответа

Are these glasses ____?

1) yours 2) your

3) you 4) yourself

ЗАДАНИЕ 7 Выберите один вариант ответа

Your driving is ____ than mine.

1) bad 2) badder

3) the worst 4) worse

ЗАДАНИЕ 8 Выберите один вариант ответа

She’s got ____ headache, and she is going to ____ bed.

1) a; - 2) the; -

3) a; the 4) -; -

ЗАДАНИЕ 9 Выберите один вариант ответа

Are there your group mates ____ those young people?

1) between 2) along

3) beside 4) among

ЗАДАНИЕ 10 Выберите один вариант ответа

Ask him ____ he can do it tomorrow.

1) since 2) in order to

3) for 4) whether

ЗАДАНИЕ 11 Выберите один вариант ответа

I usually ____ home on foot, but today I ____ a bus.

1) go; take 2) goes; am taking

3) go; am taking 4) go; has taken

ЗАДАНИЕ 12 Выберите один вариант ответа

He sat on the sofa ____ a newspaper.

1) having read 2) being read

3) reading 4) read

ЗАДАНИЕ 13 Выберите один вариант ответа

How do you ____ with your neighbours? – It ____ my patience.

1) get in; depends from 2) get on; depends on

3) get about; depends from 4) get out; depends with

ЗАДАНИЕ 14 Выберите один вариант ответа

I ____ say good-bye to you now. – What a pity! ____ you stay a little longer?

1) should; Wouldn’t 2) could; Won’t

3) have to; Shouldn’t 4) must; Can’t

ЗАДАНИЕ 15 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Visitor: May I leave a message for Ms Baxter with you?

Secretary: ___________________

1) By all means. 2) You see, I must be off.

3) Of course, do, please. 4) No problem.

ЗАДАНИЕ 16 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Customer: Thank you for your help.

Administrator: ___________________

1) It goes without saying. 2) Don’t mention it. It was my pleasure.

3) Please. 4) Not in the least.

ЗАДАНИЕ 17 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

An interviewer: What do you do?

You: _____________________

1) I enjoy travelling. 2) I spend my time meeting clients.

3) I’m visiting my friend. 4) I work as a sales manager.

ЗАДАНИЕ 18 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Ann: Hi, Sue. Sorry I kept you waiting.

Sue: ____________________

1) That’s true. 2) That’s OK. I hope everything’s all right.

3) You’re right. 4) Stop it!

ЗАДАНИЕ 19 Выберите один вариант ответа

The copies of the Magna Charta, Parthenon sculptures and Egyptian mummies are housed in ____.

1) the Victoria and Albert Museum 2) the British Museum

3) the Science and Natural History Museum 4) the Geological Museum

ЗАДАНИЕ 20 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ is observed on the fourth Thursday of November to commemorate the first Pilgrims.

1) Veterans’ Day 2) Columbus Day

3) Independence Day 4) Thanksgiving Day

ЗАДАНИЕ 21 Выберите один вариант ответа

The head of the Canadian state is ____.

1) Queen Elizabeth II 2) President

3) Prime Minister 4) Governor General

ЗАДАНИЕ 22 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ (1643–1727), physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist.

1) Sir Isaac Newton 2) Stephen Hawking

3) Michael Faraday 4) James Clerk Maxwell

ЗАДАНИЕ 23 Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

1) Yours faithfully

Simon Deeds

2) I am writing to ask you if you have a vacancy on your staff for an assistant accountant. I am twenty-two and have been working in the costing department with Bedford Furnishing Company, Bedford House, London, for the past three years. I am studying Accountancy and Business Management at the Polytechnic.

3) The Personnel Manager

Harper & Grant Ltd.

25 West Road

London WE 67 1RG

4) Dear Sir or Madam

5) 18 Long Lane

Bickley Surrey RQ45 9CM

30 June 2009

ЗАДАНИЕ 24 Перед Вами конверт. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает

A) the ZIP Code in the mailing address

B) the ZIP Code in the return address

C) the addressee’s company name

D) the town the letter comes from

E) the street name in the mailing address

F) the addressee

ЗАДАНИЕ 25 Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок

1) Contract 2) Invoice

3) Order 4) Advertisement

ЗАДАНИЕ 26 Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления электронного письма

(1) ____: Conditions

Date: 09.04.2010

(2) ____: h.johnson@telecom.de

To: nancy.donovan@northernsupplies.co.uk

Dear Mrs Donovan

We refer to our recent enquiry regarding our conditions of payment. Our terms are 30 days net, but we can allow you (3) ____ for subsequent orders.

We (4) ____ receiving your initial order.

Yours sincerely

A) look forward to B) From

C) Re D) two months’ credit

ЗАДАНИЕ 27 (выберите один вариант ответа)

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