AIR POLLUTION

1. Air pollution is a chemical, physical, or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex, dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of deaths and cases of respiratory disease. While major stationary sources are often identified with air pollution, the greatest source of emissions is actually made up by mobile sources, mainly the automobiles.

2. The World Health Organization thinks that 4.6 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution. The health effects can result in increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency room visits, more hospital admissions and premature death. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the individual's health status and genetics. People who exercise outdoors, for example, on hot, smoggy days increase their exposure to pollutants in the air.

3. There are many air pollution control technologies and urban planning strategies available to reduce air pollution; however, worldwide costs of addressing the issue are high. Of course, these costs are a small fraction of the economic damage that air pollution will inflict on every nation of earth.

4. Many countries are debating how to reduce dependence on fossil fuels for energy production and shift toward renewable energy technologies or nuclear power plants. Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary regulation, expanding regulation to new sources, increased fuel efficiency, conversion to cleaner fuels, or conversion to electric vehicles with renewable energy sources.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Ozone depletion is one of the outcomes of air pollution.

1) ложным

2) истинным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 28 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

It is estimated that millions of deaths each year are caused by air pollution.

1) ложным

2) в тексте нет информации

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 29 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

To decrease their exposure to pollutants in the air people should exercise outdoors on hot, smoggy days.

1) в тексте нет информации

2) ложным

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 30 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Industrial development could impact certain species by air pollution.

1) истинным

2) ложным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Air pollution causes different health problems and early deaths.

1) 4 2) 1

3) 3 4) 2

ЗАДАНИЕ 32 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Many countries undertake efforts to enhance the usage of non-polluting energy sources.

1) 1 2) 3

3) 2 4) 4

ЗАДАНИЕ 33 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

What sources are considered to be major air pollutants?

1) They are electro mobiles.

2) They are cars and busses.

3) They are hydro-electric stations.

4) They are nuclear power plants.

ЗАДАНИЕ 34 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

1) Air pollution from mobile sources reduction is currently discussed in many countries.

2) Air pollution modifies the atmosphere on our planet.

3) Air pollution control technologies are very costly.

4) Air pollution damages life on the Earth.

TEST 5

ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа

When arriving in another country you have to go through the ____, where they check you don’t have anything illegal.

1) customs 2) railway station

3) booking office 4) police station

ЗАДАНИЕ 2 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ is all the arts, beliefs, social institutions characteristic of a community or race.

1) Civilization 2) Culture

3) Formation 4) Society

ЗАДАНИЕ 3 Выберите один вариант ответа

Due to the pressures of population and our technology the ____ is being degraded, sometimes permanently.

1) landscape 2) biosphere

3) biophysical environment4) potentially renewable resource

ЗАДАНИЕ 4 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ refers to the surrounding of an object, the physical and biological factors that effect an organism.

1) biosphere 2) environment

3) ecosystem 4) biotic interaction

ЗАДАНИЕ 5 Выберите один вариант ответа

On ____ days we spent much time indoors watching TV.

1) rain 2) raining

3) rainy 4) rained

ЗАДАНИЕ 6 Выберите один вариант ответа

There are ____ scholarships for students in this group.

1) little 2) much

3) few 4) a little

ЗАДАНИЕ 7 Выберите один вариант ответа

The weather is much ____ today.

1) foggier 2) foggyer

3) the foggiest 4) foggy

ЗАДАНИЕ 8 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ oil is produced in ____ Middle East.

1) the; - 2) a; the

3) -; - 4) -; the

ЗАДАНИЕ 9 Выберите один вариант ответа

There is a garage ____ the house.

1) behind 2) inside

3) against 4) above

ЗАДАНИЕ 10 Выберите один вариант ответа

He returned sooner ____ we expected.

1) if 2) than

3) though 4) as soon as

ЗАДАНИЕ 11 Выберите один вариант ответа

They ____ board games when you ____ the room.

1) were playing; enter 2) were playing; entered

3) played; entered 4) were playing; had entered

ЗАДАНИЕ 12 Выберите один вариант ответа

I dislike ____ tricky questions by this teacher.

1) being asked 2) asked

3) to have been asked 4) asking

ЗАДАНИЕ 13 Выберите один вариант ответа

Sandra really takes ____ her mother, doesn’t she?

1) up 2) away

3) after 4) down

ЗАДАНИЕ 14 Выберите один вариант ответа

We have run out of bread. – ____ I go shopping? – Please, do.

1) May 2) Must

3) Shall 4) Should

ЗАДАНИЕ 15 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Your mother: I wish you a happy birthday!

You: _______________________

1) How bother! 2) Thanks, what a fantastic surprise!

3) How dare you? 4) I feel better now.

ЗАДАНИЕ 16 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Parent: You look tired. Are you all right?

You: __________________________

1) I’m OK. I just need some rest. 2) Nothing special, I think.

3) Why don’t you mind your own business? 4) I feel great.

ЗАДАНИЕ 17 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Ben: Do you like soap operas?

Greta: _____________________

1) Not really. I don’t care much for them. 2) I’d rather watch a soap.

3) Yes, I like to be well-informed. 4) You don’t have to think about it.

ЗАДАНИЕ 18 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Bob: Come and see me on Sunday, will you?

Jack: _______________________________

1) Why not today? 2) Don’t worry, dear.

3) I’m afraid I can’t. I’ll be busy on that day. 4) I’ll be delighted.

ЗАДАНИЕ 19 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ started in a bakery in Pudding Lane in September 1666.

1) The Great Plague 2) The Norman Conquest

3) The Great Fire 4) The Roman invasion

ЗАДАНИЕ 20 Выберите один вариант ответа

In the USA the temperature is measured according to ____ scale.

1) Celsius 2) Fahrenheit

3) Kelvin 4) American

ЗАДАНИЕ 21 Выберите один вариант ответа

English-speaking people wishing to remain faithful to the British Crown, who immigrated to Canada from the USA after 1776 were called ____.

1) Royalists 2) Loyalists

3) English Canadians 4) American Canadians

ЗАДАНИЕ 22 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ (1570–1606), English revolutionary and mastermind of the Gunpowder Plot.

1) Cromwell 2) Henry Pitt

3) Rob Peel 4) Guy Fawkes

ЗАДАНИЕ 23 Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

1) In reply to your fax of 21 November, we have pleasure in enclosing a detailed quotation for latest computer models. We hope you will find the enclosed information useful. Thank you once again for the interest shown in our products.

2) Mr H. Adams

Branch Manager

Financial Bank Plc

45 Highway Avenue

Danbury Kent AP7 5RT

3) Dear Mr Adams

4) Yours sincerely

5) Computer Productions Ltd

67 George Street

Leeds LD3 8NH

4 February 2010

ЗАДАНИЕ 24 Перед Вами конверт. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.

A) the addressee

B) the ZIP Code in the return address

C) the street name in the mailing address

D) the town the letter comes from

E) the addressee’s company name

F) the ZIP Code in the mailing address

ЗАДАНИЕ 25 Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок

1) CV (Resume) 2) Application

3) Advertisement 4) Memo

ЗАДАНИЕ 26 Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления протокола собрания

HARPER & GRANT Ltd

(1) ____ OF A MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Tuesday 1 March 2010, 2:00 – 4:00 p.m., Victoria Room, London Headquarters

(3) ____ Topics

2:10 – 2:30 Finance Committee report Elizabeth Doolitle, Chair

A) Attendance (Present) B) Person responsible

C) Minutes D) Agenda

ЗАДАНИЕ 27 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания

ALGAE

1. Algae are groups of relatively simple living aquatic organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, using it to convert inorganic substances into organic matter. They are photosynthetic organisms that occur in most habitats. Algae vary from small and single-celled to complex multicellular species, such as the Giant kelps that grow to 65 meters in length. All lack leaves, roots, flowers, seeds and other, and other organ structures that characterize higher plants.

2. They are distinguished from other protozoa in that they are photoautotrophic although this is not a hard and fast distinction as some groups contain members that are mixotrophic, deriving energy both from photosynthesis and uptake of organic carbon either by osmotrophy, myzotrophy, or phagotrophy. All algae have photosynthetic machinery ultimately derived from the cyanobacteria, and so produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, unlike non-cyanobacterial photosynthetic bacteria. It is estimated that algae produce about 73 to 87 percent of the net global production of oxygen − which is available to humans and other animals for respiration.

3. Algae are usually found in damp places or bodies of water and thus are common in terrestrial as well as aquatic environments. However, terrestrial algae are usually rather inconspicuous and far more common in moist, tropical regions than dry ones, because algae lack vascular tissues and other adaptations to live on land. Algae can, however, endure dryness and other conditions in symbiosis with a fungus as lichen.

4. The various sorts of algae play significant roles in aquatic ecology. Microscopic forms that live suspended in the water column – called phytoplankton – provide the food base for most marine food chains. In very high densities these algae may discolour the water and outcompete or poison other life forms. Seaweeds grow mostly in shallow marine waters, however some have been recorded to a depth of 300 m. Some are used as human food or harvested for useful substances such as agar or fertilizer.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Algae produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis.

1) ложным

2) истинным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 28 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Algae usually grow to 65 m in length.

1) ложным

2) истинным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 29 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Phytoplankton is found in both seawater and freshwater.

1) истинным

2) ложным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 30 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The term ‘algae’ refers to any aquatic organisms capable of photosynthesis.

1) истинным

2) ложным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Algae produce nearly four-fifths of the global oxygen.

1) 2 2) 1

3) 3 4) 4

ЗАДАНИЕ 32 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Algae are hardly ever founding dry places.

1) 2 2) 4

3) 3 4) 1

ЗАДАНИЕ 33 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

What common features do algae have with higher plants?

1) They all live in terrestrial as well as aquatic environments.

2) They have leaves, roots, flowers and seeds.

3) Their basic structure element is a cell.

4) They have flowers of different colours.

ЗАДАНИЕ 34 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

1) Algae are an important constituent of life conditions on planet Earth.

2) Algae play an important part in aquatic ecology.

3) All algae have photosynthetic machinery.

4) Various sorts of algae can be both useful and poisonous.

TEST 6

ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа

Helen is the most ____ student in our group. She has got a lot of friends.

1) notorious 2) popular

3) well-known 4) famous

ЗАДАНИЕ 2 Выберите один вариант ответа

A ____ is a short document sent to staff members usually without formalities.

1) advertisement 2) inquiry

3) memo 4) curriculum vitae

ЗАДАНИЕ 3 Выберите один вариант ответа

A natural feature of our atmosphere without which life on our planet would be impossible is called a _____.

1) greenhouse gas 2) global warming

3) air pollution 4) greenhouse effect

ЗАДАНИЕ 4 Выберите один вариант ответа

_______ is an underwater part of the continent that has a geological structure similar to the adjoining land.

1) Rock 2) Platform

3) Shelf 4) Base

ЗАДАНИЕ 5 Выберите один вариант ответа

I ____ winter sports, so never go skiing.

1) dislike 2) like

3) likely 4) alike

ЗАДАНИЕ 6 Выберите один вариант ответа

It was ____ who told ____ the truth.

1) I, she 2) my, hers

3) me, her 4) myself, herself

ЗАДАНИЕ 7 Выберите один вариант ответа

It is ____ advice I’ve ever heard.

1) less useful 2) the usefulest

3) the most useful 4) more useful

ЗАДАНИЕ 8 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ Great Britain is ____ largest island of ____ British Isles.

1) -; the; the 2) the; the; the

3) the; the; - 4) -; a; the

ЗАДАНИЕ 9 Выберите один вариант ответа

They will meet ____ Saturday evening.

1) in 2) on

3) at 4) for

ЗАДАНИЕ 10 Выберите один вариант ответа

We agree to the terms of payment ____ object to the time of delivery.

1) not only but 2) after

3) but 4) because

ЗАДАНИЕ 11 Выберите один вариант ответа

His book ____next year.

1) will publish 2) is published

3) is being published 4) will be published

ЗАДАНИЕ 12 Выберите один вариант ответа

Kate was made ____ the mail.

1) to deliver 2) deliver

3) to have delivered 4) delivering

ЗАДАНИЕ 13 Выберите один вариант ответа

Please, ____ this cap and ____ that a warmer one.

1) take of; put in 2) take off; put on

3) take out; put to 4) take from; put with

ЗАДАНИЕ 14 Выберите один вариант ответа

What ____ you ____ do for today’s class?

1) are to 2) have to

3) ought to 3) do have

ЗАДАНИЕ 15 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

You: I’m getting married next week.

Robert: ______________

1) My best regards. 2) I congratulate.

3) Best luck! 4) Congratulations!

ЗАДАНИЕ 16 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Charles: I am looking forward to seeing you.

Mary: __________________________

1) There is nothing to worry about. 2) So am I. How nice to hear it.

3) Next Saturday evening? 4) Next Friday isn’t convenient to me.

ЗАДАНИЕ 17 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Tom: Have you ever been to the Science Museum?

Kate: ______________________

1) OK. Let’s go there then. 2) Oh, it’s really interesting.

3) How do you get on today? 4) No, I haven’t. What’s it like?

ЗАДАНИЕ 18 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Henry: Isn’t it great! I’ve been offered a job at the bank.

Lucy: ____________________________________

1) Cheer up! Everything will be all right. 2) What a pity!

3) Glad to hear it. 4) Never mind.

ЗАДАНИЕ 19 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ is the historical centre of the City where Yeoman Warders give guided tours.

1) Westminster Abbey 2) St. Paul’s Cathedral

3) The Omnibus Company 4) The Tower of London

ЗАДАНИЕ 20 Выберите один вариант ответа

Manhattan is a part of ____.

1) Washington D.C. 2) San Francisco

3) New York 4) Los Angeles

ЗАДАНИЕ 21 Выберите один вариант ответа

Canada is made up of ten ____ and two territories.

1) provinces 2) counties

3) districts 4) states

ЗАДАНИЕ 22 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ (1781–1848), railway pioneer, the inventor of a steam locomotive.

1) Sir Frank Whittle 2) Alexander Graham Bell

3) George Stephenson 4) James Watt

ЗАДАНИЕ 23 Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

1) Dear Sir / Madam

2) Paradise Hotel

45 Great Sea Street

Bath RV3 7SN

England

3) Yours faithfully

4) 7 Pine Street

London EE69 4DX

7 May 2010

5) I would like to book a single room at your hotel for the week of 20th - 27th May. I require a room with a view of the gardens, a telephone, and a private bathroom with shower.

I would be grateful if you could confirm my booking as soon as possible, and provide me with your rates per night including breakfast. If you have no vacancies, could you please provide me with the address of a suitable hotel in the Bath area?

ЗАДАНИЕ 24 Перед Вами конверт. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.

A) the addressee’s company name

B) the ZIP Code in the mailing address

C) the town the letter comes from

D) the addressee

E) the ZIP Code in the return address

F) the street name in the mailing address

ЗАДАНИЕ 25 Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок

1) Application 2) Offer

3) Job Advertisement 4) Letter of enquiry

ЗАДАНИЕ 26 Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления повестки дня

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