VITAMINS AND PROVITAMINS

1. Vitamin is any of several organic substances that usually are separated into water-soluble and fat-soluble groups. The substances commonly known as vitamins are diverse in chemical structure and function. Originally defined as organic compounds obtainable in a normal diet and capable of maintaining life, vitamins are distinct from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in function, as well as in the quantities in which organisms require them. If a vitamin is absent from the diet, a specific deficiency disease may develop.

2. The term “vitamin” originated from “vitamine,” a word first used in 1911 to designate a group of compounds considered vital for life; each was thought to have a nitrogen-containing component known as an amine. The final e of vitamine was dropped when it was discovered that not all of the vitamins contain nitrogen, and, therefore, not all are amines. The term “accessory food factor” sometimes is used instead of vitamin to refer to these substances.

3. Since they generally cannot be synthesized by an animal and must be obtained from the diet or from some synthetic source, vitamins are called essential nutrients. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some organisms in sufficient amounts so that the dietary requirement is eliminated; vitamin C usually is considered a vitamin, however, because it must be included in the diet of man. Vitamins are distinct from many other compounds, which, although indispensable for proper animal functions, can be synthesized in adequate quantities.

4. A provitamin is similar in structure to a specific vitamin and can be converted to it by a few metabolic reactions. Antivitamins are compounds that prevent the normal function of certain vitamins. Antivitamins may act by binding a vitamin, by destroying a vitamin, or by inhibiting the coenzyme function of a vitamin.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Vitamin and its provitamin are similar in chemical structure.

1) в тексте нет информации

2) истинным

3) ложным

ЗАДАНИЕ 28 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The term vitamin was originated from the word meaning “important for life”.

1) ложным

2) в тексте нет информации

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 29 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Vitamin C participates in some enzyme-catalysed reactions.

1) ложным

2) истинным

3) в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ 30 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Vitamins are synthesised by a man in sufficient amount.

1) истинным

2) в тексте нет информации

3) ложным

ЗАДАНИЕ 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Vitamins are different in their structures.

1) 4 2) 1

3) 3 4) 2

ЗАДАНИЕ 32 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Vitamins can be destroyed by some compounds.

1) 3 2) 4

3) 1 4) 2

ЗАДАНИЕ 33 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

Why is vitamin C treated as a vitamin?

1) It is a water-soluble substance.

2) It can not be synthesised by a man.

3) It is distinct from other organic compounds.

4) It should be included in a diet.

ЗАДАНИЕ 34 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

1) There exist water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.

2) Not all vitamins are amines.

3) Being essential for human health vitamins should be obtainable from the diet and other sources.

4) Antivitamins prevent normal functions of vitamins and destroy them.

TEST 8

ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа

When people say they are going to the ____, they mean they are going to the cinema.

1) photos 2) plays

3) shows 4) pictures

ЗАДАНИЕ 2 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ is ability to do something expertly and well.

1) Qualification 2) Experience

3) Hardworking 4) Skill

ЗАДАНИЕ 3 Выберите один вариант ответа

A steppe is a dry _____ with an annual temperature range in the summer up to 40^o C and during the winter down to – 40^o C.

1) landscape 2) environment

3) grassland 4) ground

ЗАДАНИЕ 4 Выберите один вариант ответа

_________ is a major factor determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes.

1) Climate 2) Weather

3) Temperature 4) Humidity

ЗАДАНИЕ 5 Выберите один вариант ответа

Mike tried to phone Kate several times, but ____.

1) success 2) succeeds

3) successful 4) unsuccessfully

ЗАДАНИЕ 6 Выберите один вариант ответа

He is ____ American nor Canadian.

1) neither 2) both

3) either 4) no

ЗАДАНИЕ 7 Выберите один вариант ответа

We have no ____ information.

1) farther 2) further

3) far 4) farthest

ЗАДАНИЕ 8 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ meeting will take place ____ next Thursday.

1) the; - 2) the; the

3) a; - 4) -; the

ЗАДАНИЕ 9 Выберите один вариант ответа

Let’s go ____ the cinema ____ foot.

1) by; in 2) on; in

3) with; at 4) to; on

ЗАДАНИЕ 10 Выберите один вариант ответа

David will stay ____ he finishes the work.

1) unless 2) until

3) or 4) whether

ЗАДАНИЕ 11 Выберите один вариант ответа

Mike ____ waiting for you since 2 o’clock.

1) has been waiting 2) has waited

3) is waiting 4) waits

ЗАДАНИЕ 12 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ at the station we called a porter.

1) Arriving 2) Having arrived

3) To arrive 4) Being arrived

ЗАДАНИЕ 13 Выберите один вариант ответа

We’ve run ____ flour and sugar – how can I make a cake?

1) down 2) out of

3) across 4) away

ЗАДАНИЕ 14 Выберите один вариант ответа

There wasn’t much work to do, so we ____ work on Saturday.

1) needn’t 3) couldn’t

3) didn’t have to 4) were not to

ЗАДАНИЕ 15 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

You: Would you mind opening the window?

Madam: ______________

1) Opening? 2) Not at all. It’s stuffy here.

3) I mind. 4) I would.

ЗАДАНИЕ 16 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Secretary: I’m afraid Mr Whiney isn’t in the office.

Visitor: ______________

1) Could I leave a message? 2) Shall I take the message?

3) Any messages? 4) Excuse the mess.

ЗАДАНИЕ 17 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

You: Have you marked my test yet?

Teacher: ____________________

1) No, I haven’t. 2) Not yet. I’ve been tired.

3) Oh, it’s a pity! 4) Sorry to say I haven’t yet.

ЗАДАНИЕ 18 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

You: I’m so nervous about the interview.

John: ______________

1) Keep yourself. 2) Without nerves.

3) No nerves, please. 4) Just keep calm!

ЗАДАНИЕ 19 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ is a ceremony which takes place annually on the Monarch’s official birthday.

1) Trooping the Colour 2) The State Opening of Parliament

3) Coronation 4) Royal Maundy

ЗАДАНИЕ 20 Выберите один вариант ответа

The best mark in the US schools is ____.

1) 5 2) A

3) 100 4) 10

ЗАДАНИЕ 21 Выберите один вариант ответа

Canada is sometimes called a ____ country.

1) sugar beetroot 2) sugar cane

3) sugar melon 4) sugar maple

ЗАДАНИЕ 22 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ (1775–1851), English romantic landscape painter.

1) William Turner 2) Thomas Gainsborough

3) Joshua Reynolds 4) John Constable

ЗАДАНИЕ 23 Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

1) Dear Mr Hughes

2) Yours truly

3) Bryan & Co

164 Cannon Street

London WE59 7GA

5 February 2010

4) We would like to draw your attention to our invoice No. 437 dated December 10th. As we have not received payment, we would be grateful if you could forward your remittance as soon as possible. If you have already sent the amount due, please ignore this reminder.

5) Mr Jason Hughes

Scientific Ltd

160 Birmingham Avenue

Cleveland Ohio 44321

USA

ЗАДАНИЕ 24 Перед Вами конверт. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.

A) the street name in the mailing address

B) the ZIP Code in the mailing address

C) the addressee

D) the town the letter comes from

E) the addressee’s company name

F) the ZIP Code in the return address

ЗАДАНИЕ 25 Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок

1) Contract 2) Offer

3) Invoice 4) Letter of advice

ЗАДАНИЕ 26 Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления электронного письма

(1) ____: Invitation

Date: 02.04.2010

From: m.smith@teleware.co.uk

(2) ____: t.collins@electron.co.uk (Tomas Collins)

Dear Mr Collins

With (3) ____ to your enquiry of 31 March we are pleased to advise you that the seminar will be held at our premises and we will be able to accommodate your representatives.

We (4) ____ invitations for your convenience.

Yours sincerely

Mary Smith

Marketing Manager

A) enclose B) To

C) reference D) Subject

ЗАДАНИЕ 27 (выберите один вариант ответа)

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