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Косвенная речь. Настоящее время и будущее время
С настоящим и будущим временами никаких проблем не будет! Если нужно сказать — He says, He has said, He will say (времена Present Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple), то при переходе к косвенной речи в придаточном предложении время глагола не изменится.
Прямая речь. He says, “The weather is fine.” — Он говорит: «Погода хорошая».
Косвенная речь. He says (that) the weather is fine. — Он говорит, что погода хорошая.
Прямая речь
| Косвенная речь
| Present Simple He says, “I go to school every day.” Он говорит: «Я хожу в школу каждый день».
| Present Simple He says (that) he goes to school every day. Он говорит, что он ходит в школу каждый день.
| Present Perfect He has said, “I go to school every day.” Он сказал: «Я хожу в школу каждый день».
| Present Perfect He has said (that) he goes to school every day. Он сказал, что он ходит в школу каждый день.
| Future Simple He will say, “I go to school every day.” Он скажет: «Я хожу в школу каждый день».
| Future Simple He will say, “I go to school every day.” Он скажет, что он ходит в школу каждый день.
| Как видите, здесь все просто — время глагола при переходе к косвенной речи не меняется!
Примечание. В примерах (that) взято в кавычки потому, что в косвенной речи оно может опускаться. He said the weather was fine. — (Можно сказать и так, без that).
Согласование времен
Прямая речь
| Косвенная речь
| Present Indefinite He said, “I go to school.”
| Past Indefinite He said (that) he went to school.
| Present Continuous He said, “I am going to school.”
| Past Continuous He said (that) he was going to school.
| Past Indefinite He said, “I went to school.”
| Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school.
| Present Perfect He said, “I have gone to school.”
| Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school.
| Past Continuous He said, “I was going to school.”
| Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to school.
| Present Perfect Continuous He said, “I have been going to school.”
| Past Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to school.
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Модальные глаголы
Правила изменения модальных глаголов при переходе к косвенной речи:
Прямая речь
| Косвенная речь
| can He said, “I can go to school.”
| could He said (that) he could go to school.
| could He said, “I could go to school.”
| could He said (that) he could go to school.
| will He said, “I will go to school.”
| would He said (that) he would go to school.
| may He said, “I may go to school.”
| might He said (that) he might go to school.
| might He said, “I might go to school.”
| might He said (that) he might go to school.
| must He said, “I must go to school.”
| had to He said (that) he had to go to school.
| have to He said, “I have to go to school.”
| had to He said (that) he had to go to school.
| shall He said, “I shall go to school.”
| should He said (that) he should go to school.”
| should He said, “I should go to school.”
| should He said (that) he should go to school.”
| ought to He said, “I ought to go to school.”
| ought to He said (that) he ought to go to school.”
| Примечание. Обратите внимание, что при переходе к косвенной речи без изменения остаются модальные глаголы: could, would, should, might, ought to.
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