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Косвенная речь. Настоящее время и будущее время
С настоящим и будущим временами никаких проблем не будет!
Если нужно сказать — He says, He has said, He will say (времена Present Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple), то при переходе к косвенной речи в придаточном предложении время глагола не изменится.
Прямая речь. He says, “The weather is fine.” — Он говорит: «Погода хорошая».
Косвенная речь. He says (that) the weather is fine. — Он говорит, что погода хорошая.
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| Present Simple He says, “I go to school every day.” Он говорит: «Я хожу в школу каждый день». | Present Simple He says (that) he goes to school every day. Он говорит, что он ходит в школу каждый день. |
| Present Perfect He has said, “I go to school every day.” Он сказал: «Я хожу в школу каждый день». | Present Perfect He has said (that) he goes to school every day. Он сказал, что он ходит в школу каждый день. |
| Future Simple He will say, “I go to school every day.” Он скажет: «Я хожу в школу каждый день». | Future Simple He will say, “I go to school every day.” Он скажет, что он ходит в школу каждый день. |
Как видите, здесь все просто — время глагола при переходе к косвенной речи не меняется!
Примечание. В примерах (that) взято в кавычки потому, что в косвенной речи оно может опускаться.
He said the weather was fine. — (Можно сказать и так, без that).
Согласование времен
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| Present Indefinite He said, “I go to school.” | Past Indefinite He said (that) he went to school. |
| Present Continuous He said, “I am going to school.” | Past Continuous He said (that) he was going to school. |
| Past Indefinite He said, “I went to school.” | Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school. |
| Present Perfect He said, “I have gone to school.” | Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school. |
| Past Continuous He said, “I was going to school.” | Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to school. |
| Present Perfect Continuous He said, “I have been going to school.” | Past Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to school. |
Модальные глаголы
Правила изменения модальных глаголов при переходе к косвенной речи:
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| can He said, “I can go to school.” | could He said (that) he could go to school. |
| could He said, “I could go to school.” | could He said (that) he could go to school. |
| will He said, “I will go to school.” | would He said (that) he would go to school. |
| may He said, “I may go to school.” | might He said (that) he might go to school. |
| might He said, “I might go to school.” | might He said (that) he might go to school. |
| must He said, “I must go to school.” | had to He said (that) he had to go to school. |
| have to He said, “I have to go to school.” | had to He said (that) he had to go to school. |
| shall He said, “I shall go to school.” | should He said (that) he should go to school.” |
| should He said, “I should go to school.” | should He said (that) he should go to school.” |
| ought to He said, “I ought to go to school.” | ought to He said (that) he ought to go to school.” |
Примечание. Обратите внимание, что при переходе к косвенной речи без изменения остаются модальные глаголы: could, would, should, might, ought to.
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