Professional career

Content

I. Introduction

II. Main part:

1 Early life

2 Professional career

3 Research contributions

3.1 Molecular asymmetry

3.2 Germ theory of fermentation

3.3 Immunology and vaccination

4 Pasteur Institute

5 Faith and spirituality

6 Honours and final days

7 Legacy

III. Conclusion

IV. Literature

Introduction

Since ancient times, people used biotechnological processes in baking, cooking dairy products, wine, etc., but only through the work of Louis Pasteur in the mid 19th century that proved the link fermentation processes with the activity of microorganisms, traditional biotechnology has received scientific basis.

Early life

Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, Jura, France, into a Catholic family of a poor tanner. He was the third child of Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui. In 1827 the family moved to Arbois, where Pasteur entered primary school in 1831. He was an average student in his early years, and not particularly academic, as his interests were fishing and sketching. His pastels and portraits of his parents and friends, made when he was 15, were later kept in the museum of the Pasteur Institute in Paris. In 1838 he left for Paris to join the Institution Barbet, but became homesick and returned home in November. In 1839 he entered the Collège Royal de Besançon and earned his BA degree in 1840. He continued there for a BSc degree with special mathematics but failed in 1841. He succeeded in 1842 from Dijon with a poor grade in chemistry. After failing the entrance test for theÉcole Normale Supérieure in Paris in 1842, he succeeded in 1844, and received his medical license the next year. In 1846 he was appointed professor of physics at the Collège de Tournon at Ardèche, but Professor Antoine Jérome Balard wanted him back at the École Normale Supérieure as a graduate assistant (préparateur) for chemistry courses. He joined Balard and simutaneously started his research in crystallography. In 1847 he submitted his two theses, one in chemistry and the other in physics. After serving briefly as professor of physics at the Dijon Lycée in 1848, he became professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg, where he met and courted Marie Laurent, daughter of the university's rector, in 1849. They were married on May 29, 1849, and together had five children, only two of whom survived to adulthood; the other three died of typhoid. These personal tragedies were his motivations for curing infectious diseases.

Professional career

Pasteur was appointed to the Chair of chemistry in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Strasbourg. In 1854, Pasteur was named Dean of the new Faculty of Sciences at Lille University. It was on this occasion that Pasteur uttered his oft-quoted remark: " dans les champs de l'observation, le hasard ne favorise que les esprits préparés " (In the field of observation, chance favors only the prepared mind.^[7]) In 1856, he moved to Paris as the director of scientific studies at the École Normale Supérieure. Pasteur took control of the École Normale (1858–67) and began a series of reforms. The examinations became more rigid, which led to better results, greater competition, and increased prestige. He raised the standard of scientific work, leading to two serious student revolts.^[2] In 1862 he was appointed professor of geology, physics, and chemistry at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, the position which held until his resignation in 1867. He established the Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1887 in which he was its Director for the rest of his life.

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