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Irregular Forms

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Regular Comparative and Superlative Forms

 

Adjectives Positive Comparative Superlative
of one syllable add -(e)r/-(e)st to form their comparative and superlative forms short big large shorter (than) bigger (than) larger (than) the shortest (of/in) the biggest (of/in) the largest (of/in)
of two syllables where the second syllable is unstressed (ending in -er, -ly, -y, -w) also add -er/-est heavy shallow heavier (than) shallower (than) the heaviest (of/in) the shallowest (of/in)
of two (where the second syllable is stressed/ ending in –ful, -less, ing)or more syllables take more/most special attractive more special (than) more attractive (than) the most special (of/in) the most attractive (of/in)

 

Certain adjectives form their comparative and superlative in both ways, either by adding -er/-est to the positive form or taking more/most. Some of these are: clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, shallow, quiet, simple, stupid etc.

clever - cleverer - cleverest ALSO clever - more clever - the most clever

 

Adverbs Positive Comparative Superlative
adverbs having the same forms as adjectives add -er/-est fast   faster the fastest
"early" drops -y and adds -ier/-iest early earlier the earliest
two syllable or compound adverbs take more/most (compound adverbs are adjectives + -ly. eg. careful - carefully) often safely easily more often more safely more easily   the most often the most safely the most easily  

 

We use the comparative to compare one person or thing with another. Sally is prettier than Pam. This house is more expensive than the others. (We consider the others as a group.)

We use the superlative to compare one person or thing with more than one of the same group. She’s the fastest typist of all.

We normally use than after a comparative. I'm taller than you. Note: old – older – oldest. He’s older than me. (not: elder; elder isn’t used with than) old – elder – eldest. My eldest sister is a lawyer. (We use elder – eldest to talk about relatives only.)

We normally use the before a superlative. We often use of or in after a superlative. We normally use in with places. I'm the tallest of all. I'm the tallest in my school.

We can use the before a comparative when we compare only 2 things of the same kind. Of the two cars this is (the) faster. (formal). However, it is possible to use the superlative instead of the comparative when we compare two persons or things. Which is (the) fastest, a Jaguar or a Fiat? (more usual)

Irregular Forms

Positive Comparative Superlative
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
much more most
many/a lot of more most
little less least
late later last
far farther farthest
far further furthest
old older oldest
old elder eldest
near nearer nearest
near nearer next

Well is the adverb of good. She is a good driver. She drives well.

 

a) further/farther (adv) = longer (in distance) He lives further/farther away than me.

Further (adj) = more For further details, consult your lawyer.

b) nearest to and next to: Janet’s sitting nearest to the window (= of all the people in the room). Sarah’s sitting next to the window (= right beside it). In informal British English nearest can be used instead of nearest to: Who’s sitting nearest the door?

c) very + positive degree. It’s a very nice day.

d) most + adj/adv of positive degree = very She was most obliging. (She was very obliging.)


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