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Словарный минимум к тексту
economics n 1. экономическая наука; 2. экономика
economic a - 1. экономический; 2. экономически выгодный;
рентабельный
economical a - 1. экономный, бережливый; 2. экономичный
economist n - экономист
economize v - экономить, экономно расходовать или использовать
economy n - хозяйство, экономика
command economy - централизованно управляемая экономика;
нерыночная экономика
free market economy - свободная рыночная экономика
mixed economy - смешанная экономика
microeconomics n - микроэкономика
macroeconomics n - макроэкономика
to consist of smth - состоять из
branch n - отрасль, ветвь, отделение
consumer n - потребитель
activities n - деятельность
tax n - налог
to pay a tax - платить налог
to affect smb/smth - действовать на кого-либо \ что-либо
wages n - заработная плата
to earn v зарабатывать, получать
overall adj - общий, полный
output n - выпуск, продукция; производительность
society n - 1. общество, общественный строй; 2. общество, организация, ассоциация
produce v - производить, вырабатывать
production - производство
demand n - спрос; требование; запрос; потребность
demand for smth - спрос на что-л.
to be in high/low demand - пользоваться большим/небольшим спросом good n - товар, изделие
service n - услуга
market n- рынок
resource(s) n - ресурсы, средства
consumption n - потребление
through prep - через; посредством, благодаря
price n - цена
at high/low prices - по высоким/низким ценам; при высоких/низких
ценах
price for/of a good - цена товара, цена на товар
plan v - планировать
planning n - планирование
decision n- решение
to make a decision - принимать решение
rely v (on smb, smth) - полагаться (на кого-л. или что-л.)
entirely adv - полностью, всецело
government n - правительство
interference n - вмешательство
government interference - государственное вмешательство
level n - уровень
at a certain level - на определенном уровне
restriction n - ограничение
(the) former а - первый (из двух названных)
(the) latter а - последний (из двух названных); второй
regulation n - регулирование
government regulation - государственное регулирование
both pron - оба, обе; и тот и другой
importance n - важность, значение
to be of importance - быть важным, иметь (большое) значение.
1. Найдите в следующих предложениях подлежащие, определите какой частью речи оно выражено и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Market research is important as it can show if the product is feasible.
2. There are many form of publicity.
3 Holding a press conference can be a kind of advertising campaign.
4 She did not feel nervous during the interview.
5. Unfortunately Samantha couldn't find a job in that company.
6. Nobody wanted to buy this fridge.
7. Small businesses often grow into large ones, adding to the economic vitality of
the nation.
8. Of course, it is true that small business often fail.
9. It is very important for customers whether the company will give them spare
parts.
2. Найдите в следующих предложениях сказуемое, определите время и залог и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. For 40 years after 1945 the countries in Eastern Europe had planned economies
in which the market laws played only a small role.
2. The government plays an important role in distributing resources in the
economy.
3. Goods are produced on farms or in factories. Goods of the both groups are
consumed by the people who buy them.
4. The government planning office decides what will be produced, how it will be
produced, and for whom it will be produced.
5. The resources distributing decisions are being made every day in every city,
mostly through the mechanisms of markets and prices.
6. When there was a bumper coffee crop (очень высокий урожай кофе) in
Brazil, much coffee was bought by the Brazilian government from the farmers
and then burnt.
7. The grain (зерно) markets have greatly changed over the last 25 years in the
United States and Europe. Both have high levels of the government
interference in their agriculture.
8. The ideas of Adam Smith, the famous Scottish philosopher and economist,
have been studied by the economists for over two hundred years.
9. Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the economy as a
whole.
10. Adam Smith is rightly considered the founder of political economy.
11. The predictions of the models form the basis of economic theories.
12. The partnership is automatically liquidated if any of the partners leaves the
business or dies or becomes too ill to carry it on.
13. The rights and duties of partners are written in a legal agreement.
14. Each partner is liable for ail the debts of the firm.
3. Составьте предложения из следующих слов:
1. countries, the, industrial, in, western, distribute, markets, resources, the.
2. no, government, a free, has, market, interference, economy.
3. on, modern, in, are, the West, economies, and, mixed, mainly, rely, the, market.
4. lies, the, economy, between, types, the, two, mixed, main.
5. between, the, of, restrictions, differs, degree, countries, greatly, government.
6. regulate, in, prices, the, economy, production, market, consumption, and.
7. allows, the, individuals, to, free, produce, market, without,
interference, goods, government, and, services, any
4. а) Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы к тексту «Market and Command Economies»:
1. What is the central economic problem of a society?
2. What is the market?
3. What is the function of the market in an industrial country?
4. How are the decisions made in a command economy?
5. In what way does a free market economy differ from a command economy?
6. To which type do most economies in the West belong?
7. What is macroeconomics and microeconomics?
8. What does microeconomics study?
9. What is the subject of macroeconomics?
б) Подумайте и напишите:
1. To which type does the economy of present-day Russia belong?
2. Is the level of the government regulation growing or falling in Russian economy now?
5. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов:
1. (A command economy/a free market economy) is a society where the government makes all decisions about production and consumption.
2. (Economics/Economy) studied how market and prices allow society to solve the problems of what, how, and for whom to produce.
3. Every economist understands (the restriction/the importance) of the question of what, how, and for whom to produce.
4. Nations have different (consumption/levels) of farm production.
5. When (the price/the importance) of some goods grows, people try to use less of them but the producers want to produce more of them.
6. In (mixed/both) countries, Canada and the USA, the structural changes in the agricultural sector of the economy became interesting to economists and general public in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century.
7. After years of competition between the command and the market economies, (the former/the latter) gave way in many countries of the world to (the former/the latter).
8. If the business is (profitable/profit), you can enjoy all the advantages of being self-employed.
9. A sole (property/proprietor) is (responsibility/responsible) for all business debts.
6. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на слова и выражения из словарного минимума к тексту «Market and Command Economies»:
1. Economics is the subjects which studies how a society decides what, how, and for whom to produce goods and services.
2. The central economic problem for a society is how to reconcile the conflict between people's limitless demand for goods and services and the resources which can be allocated for the production of these goods and services.
3. The market is the process by which individuals' decisions about consumption of goods, firms' decisions about what and how to produce, the workers' decisions about how and for whom to work are reconciled by prices.
4 When the resources are limited, they are distributed through the political process. In a country like Sweden with a strong government the level of production of social services may be higher than the level of production of goods for individual consumption.
5. In many countries the central regulation and planning influences the economic situation.
6. Even the countries with free market economy still have high levels of government activity in the production of public goods and services and the regulation of markets.
7. All-round planning is not an easy task, and there is not any command economy that relies entirely on planning.
7. Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных и закончите предложение:
1. A firm which is just starting up is_____________________
a) going into business
b) is in business
c) going out of business
2. A company which sells goods in large quantities is called_______________
a) a wholesaler
b) a retailer
c) a wholesale distributor
3. Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are____________
a) customers
b) retailers
c) competitors
4. A company which sells goods abroad is___________________
a) an importer
b) an exporter
c) a rival
5. An area where there is a demand for certain goods is called a_________
a) business
b) market
c) importation
6. Before starting to sell its product, a company often_________________
a) makes inquiries
b) places an order
c) does some market research
7. The trade Fare is__________
a) market research
b) an exhibition of goods
c) after sales service
8. A different models made by a company make up its_________
a) catalogue
b) brochure
c) range
9. A plan to do a lot of advertising is called__________________
a) campaign
b) press
c) publicity
10. If one of the components of the machinery breaks, the customer will want___________
a) an order
b) a spare part
c) a catalogue
8. Прочитайте следующие афоризмы, поговорки и пословицы, найдите соответствия в русском языке и запишите:
1. Business is business.
2. The game is worth the candle.
3. The aim of any business is service for profit at a risk. (B.C. Leeming)
4. The secret of business is to know something that nobody else knows. (Aristotle Onassis)
5. A wise man ought to have money in his head, but not in his heart. (Jonathan
Swift)
6. A friendship founded on business is better than a business founded on
friendship. (John Rockefeller)
7. When two men in business always agree, one of them is unnecessary. (W.J.
Wrigley)
8. Instead of crying over spilt milk, go and milk another cow. (Ema Asp)
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