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Åãåð қîëäà áàð òàáûñ êөëåì³ òөìåíäåñå,îíäà: +Òұòûíó øûғûíäàðû өñ³ï,қîð æèíàó êөëåì³ қûñқàðàäû; +Қîëäà áàð òàáûñ êөëåì³í³ң òөìåíäåó³ ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³í³ң өñó³ әñåð³íåí,íәòèæåñ³íäå үé øàðóàøûëûғûíûң áàéëûғû,ñîíûң әñåð³íåí îíûң òұòûíóû äà àçàÿäû; +Òұòûíó øûғûíäàðû äà,қîð æèíàó êөëåì³ äå қûñқàðàäû
Åãåð ìåìëåêåò қîðøàғàí îðòàíû ñàқòàóғà қàòàң òàëàï қîéñà: Өí³ì á³ðë³ã³íå êåòåò³í өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң өñó³í³ң æәíå æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ қèñûғûíûң ñîëғà îðûí àóûñòûðóûí òóғûçàäû/ Өí³ì á³ðë³ã³íå êåòåò³í өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң өñó³í òóғûçàäû/Өíä³ð³ñ êөäåì³ êåìèä³
Åãåð ìåìëåêåò қîðøàғàí îðòàíû ñàқòàóғà қàòàң òàëàï қîéñà: Өí³ì á³ðë³ã³íå êåòåò³í өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң êåìó³í æәíå æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ қèñûғûíûң ñîëғà îðûí àóûñòûðóûí òóғûçàäû: +Өíä³ð³ñ êөëåì³ êåìèä³; +Өí³ì á³ðë³ã³íå êåòåò³í өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң өñó³í òóғûçàäû; +Өí³ì á³ðë³ã³íå êåòåò³í өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðüøûң өñó³í³ң æәíå æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ қèñûғûíûң ñîëғà îðûí àóûñòûðóûí òóғûçàäû
Åãåð ìåìëåêåò қîðøàғàí îðòàíû ñàқòàóғà қàòàң òàëàï қîéñà: Өí³ì á³ðë³ã³íå êåòåò³í өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң өñó³í³ң æәíå æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ қèñûғûíûң ñîëғà îðûí àóûñòûðóûí òóғûçàäû \\ Өí³ì á³ðë³ã³íå êåòåò³í өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң өñó³í òóғûçàäû \\ Өíä³ð³ñ êөëåì³ òөìåíäåéä³
Åãåð ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³ òөìåí áîëñà, îíäà: +Èíâåñòèöèÿëàð æîғàðû áîëàäû; +Òàóàðғà ñұðàíûñ ұñûíûñòàí æîғàðû áîëàäû; +Êүò³ëåò³í ïàéäàëûëûқ ìөëøåð³ òөìåíäåéä³
Åðê³í àéíàëûì áàғàìûíûң êåìø³ë³ã³: Áåëã³ñ³çä³ê. Òұðàқñûçäûқ.. Ñàóäàíûң íàøàðëàóû
Åðê³í àéíàëûì áàғàìûíûң êåìø³ë³ã³: Ñұðàíûñ òұðàқòû, Áåëã³ñ³çä³ê, Òұðàқñûçäûқ
Åðê³í àéíàëûì áàғàìûíûң êåìø³ë³ã³: Ñұðàíûñ òұðàқòû, Ñàóäàíûң íàøàðëàóû, Áåëã³ñ³çä³ê
Åðê³í âàëþòà áàғàìû әä³ñ³í³ң åðåêøåë³ã³: Âàëþòà áàғàìûí âàëþòà íàðûғû àíûқòàéäû, Âàëþòà æåò³ñïåóø³ë³ã³ àâòîìàòòû òүðäå æîéûëàäû, Âàëþòà áàғàìûí íàðûêòàғû ñұðàíûñ ïåí ұñûíûñ àíûêòàéäû
Åðê³í âàëþòà áàғàìû әä³ñ³í³ң åðåêøåë³ғ³: +Âàëþòà áàғàìûí àóûòқóëàð øåã³íäå àíûқòàéäû; +Âàëþòà áàғàìûí íàðûқòàғû ñұðàíûñ ïåí ұñûíûñ àíûқòàéäû; +Âàëþòà æåò³ñïåóø³ë³ғ³ àâòîìàòòû òүðäå æîéûëàäû
ÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆ
Æàáûқ ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàíûң íåã³çã³ ñóáüåêò³ëåð³: Ìåìëåêåò,Îòàíäûқ ôèðìàëàð,Үé øàðóàøûëûқòàðû
Æàáûқ ýêîíîìèêàäà: Òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåòòåðä³ң ýêñïîðòû æîқ, Ñûðòқû әëåììåí ýêîíîìèêàëûқ áàéëàíûñ æîқ, Òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåòêåðëåðä³ң èìïîðòû æîқ
Æàëïû àқøà ìàññàñû әðқàøàí ұëғàÿäû, åãåð êîìåðöèÿëûқ áàíêòåð: Құíäû қàғàçäàðäû õàëûқòàí ñàòûï àëà áàñòàñà/Ñàëûìäàð áîéûíøà қîëìà-қîë æәíå қîëìà-қîëñûç àқøàëàðäû òөëåé áàñòàñà/Õàëûққà ұñûíàòûí íåñèåí³ң êөëåì³í ұëғàéòñà
Æàëïû àқøà ìàññàñû әðқàøàíäà ұëғàÿäû, åãåð êîììåðöèÿëûқ áàíêòåð: Àғûìäàғû åñåï-øîò áîéûíøà өç ì³íäåòòåìåëåð³í àçàéòñà. Құíäû қàғàçäàðäû õàëûққà ñàòà áàñòàñà. Õàëûққà ұñûíàòûí íåñèåí³ң êөëåì³í ұëғàéòñà
Æàëïû ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ òåңäåñò³êò³ң қàæåòò³ øàðòû: +Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ ïåí æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ òåíäåñò³ã³í³ң áұçûëìàóû; +Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ ïåí æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ òåïå-òåңä³ã³; +ÀÎ = À5
Æàëïû ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ òåңäåñò³êò³ң қàæåòò³ øàðòû: AD=AS, Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ ïåí æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ òåңäåñò³ã³í³ң áұçûëìàóû, Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ ïåí æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ òåïå-òåíä³ã³
Æàëïû ұëòòûқ өí³ì: Åë ³ø³íäå æәíå îäàí òûñ æåðëåðäåã³ өí³ìä³ åñåïêå àëàäû \\ Êәñ³ïîðûíäàðäàғû өíä³ð³ëãåí өí³ììåí қîñà ñàóäà æүéåñ³íäåã³ қîðëàðäûң қîñûíäûñû \\ Á³ð æûëäà өíä³ð³ëãåí ñîңғû òàóàð ìåí қûçìåòòåðä³ң íàðûқòûқ құíûíûң қîñûíäûñû
Æàëïû ³øê³ өí³ì: Èåê åë ³ø³íäåã³ өí³ìä³ åñåïêå àëàäû\\ Ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ êөðñåòê³ø\\ ÆҰӨ-íåí øåòåëäåí òүñêåí àëғàøқû òàáûñòû øåãåðó
Æàëïûëàìà ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ үëã³ëåð: IS-LM/AD-AS/Àéíàëûì үëã³ñ³
Æåêå òàáûñ: ҰÒ-êîðïîðàöèÿëàð ïàéäàñûíà ñàëûíғàí ñàëûқ-áөë³íáåãåí ïàéäà-әëåóìåòò³ê ñàқòàíäûðó òөëåìäåð³+òðàíñôåðòò³ê òөëåìäåð-ñàқòàíäûðó æүéåëåð³íå òөëåíåò³í òөëåìäåð.Қîëäà áàð òàáûñ- æåêå ñàëûқ.Үé øàðóàøûëûғûíûң àғûìäàғû æûëäà òàïқàí òàáûñû
æèíàғûíà åñåïòåëåä³
Æèíàқòûқ ұñûíûñ қèñûғûíûң қîçғàëûñû áàéëàíûñòû: Өíä³ð³ñ òåõíîëîãèÿñûíûң өçãåðó³íå/Ðåñóðñòàð áàғàñûíûң өçãåðó³íå/Ôèðìàëàðғà ñàëûíàòûí ñàëûқ äåңãåé³í³ң өçãåðó³íå
Æèíàқòûқ ұñûíûñòûң ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê өçãåðñ³í òàëäàó øàðòòàðû: Áàғàëàð ìåí àòàóëû àéëûқ æàëàқû өçãåðåä³/Íàðûқòàð áәñåêåëåñ/Өíä³ð³ëåò³í өí³ì êөëåì³ áàғà äåңãåé³íå òәóåëä³ åìåñ
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñқà әñåð åòåò³í áàғàëûқ åìåñ ôàêòîð: Ôèðìàëàðғà ñàëûíàòûí ñàëûқ,Òåõíîëîãèÿ өçãåð³ñòåð³,Ðåñóðñòàð áàғàñû
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ-áұë: Ýêîíîìèêàäà өíä³ð³ëãåí äàéûí òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåòòåð ìөëøåð³í³ң æàëïû ñàíû,Áåð³ëãåí áàғà äåңãåé³ êåç³íäå қîғàì ìàñøòàáûíäà ұñûíûëғàí òàóàð æәíå қûçìåò ñàíû,Áàғà ìåí өí³ì êөëåì³ àðàñûíäàғû ò³êåëåé áàéëàíûñòû á³ëä³ðåä³
Æèûíòûқ èíâåñòèöèÿëàð: Áèçíåñò³ң íåã³çã³ êàïèòàëғà èíâåñòèöèÿ æұìñàó øûғûíäàðû\\ Òàçà èíâåñòèöèÿëàð + àìîðòèçàöèÿ\\ ƲӨ øûғûíäàð әä³ñ³ åñåïòåãåíäå åñêåð³ëåä³
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ àíûқòàìàñû: Ñàòûï àëóøûíûң ñұðàíûñû\\Өíä³ð³ëãåí өí³ì ñàíû ìåí üàғàíûң æàëïû äåңãåé³í³ң àðàñûíäàғû òәóåëä³ë³ê\\ Әðá³ð áåð³ëãåí áàғà äåңãåé³íäå ñàòûï àëàòûí òàóàðëàð ìåí êөðñåò³ëåò³í қûçìåòòåð ñàíûí êөðñåòåä³
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ өçãåðó³í ñèïàòòàéòûí MV=PY òåңäåó³íäå:M- ýêîíîìèêàäàғû àқøà ìөëøåð³\\ Y-Íàқòû өí³ì øûғàðó êөëåì³\\ P-ýêîíîìèêàäàғû áàғà äåңãåé³
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ ïåí áàғà äåңãåé³ àðàñûíäàғû êåð³ òәóåëä³ë³ê òүñ³íä³ð³ëåä³: Èìïîðòòûқ ñàòûï àëó ýôôåêò³ñ³ìåí,Áàéëûқ ýôôåêò³ñ³ìåí,Ïàéûçäûқ ìөëøåðëåìå ýôôåêò³ñ³ìåí
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ: Ýêîíîìèêàäà өíä³ð³ëãåí äàéûí òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåòòåð ìөëøåð³í³ң æàëïû ñàíû\\Áàғà ìåí өí³ì êөëåì³ àðàñûíäàғû ò³êåëåé áàéëàíûñòû á³ëä³ðåä³\\Áåð³ëãåí áàғà äåңãåé³ êåç³íäå қîғàì ìàñøòàáûíäà ұñûíûëғàí òàóàð æәíå қûçìåò ñàíû
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñқà әñåð åòåò³í áàғàëûқ åìåñ ôàêòîð: Àқøà ұñûíûñû \\ Ñàëûқòàð \\ Ïàéûçäûқ қîéûëûìäàð
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñқà әñåð åòåò³í áàғàëûқ åìåñ ôàêòîð: Âëþòàëûқ áàғàì àóûòқóëàðû,Ñàëûқ,Òұòûíóøûëàð әë-àóқàòû
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñқà әñåð åòåò³í áàғàëûқ åìåñ ôàêòîð: Ïàéûçäûқ қîéûëûìäàð,Àқøà ұñûíûñû,Ñàëûқòàð
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñòûң àíûқòàìàñû: +әðá³ð áåð³ëãåí áàғà äåңãåé³íäå ñàòûï àëàòûí òàóàðëàð ìåí êөðñåò³ëãåí қûçìåòòåð ñàíûí êөðñåòåä³; +өíä³ð³ëãåí өí³ì ñàíû ìåí áàғàíûң æàëïû äåңãåé³í³ң àðàñûíäàғû òәóåëä³ë³ê; +ñàòûï àëóøûíûң ñұðàíûñû
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñòûң àíûқòàìàñû: өíä³ð³ëãåí åí³ì ñàíû ìåí áàғàíûң æàëïû äåңãåé³í³ң àðàñûíäàãû òәóåëä³ë³ê, әðá³ð áåð³ëãåí áàғà äåңãåé³íäå ñàòûï àëàòûí òàóàðëàð ìåí êөðñåò³ëãåí қûçìåòòåð ñàíûí êөðñåòåä³., ñàòóøûíûң ñұðàíûñû
Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñòûң àíûқòàìàñû: ñàòûï àëóøûíûң ñұðàíûñû \\ әðá³ð áåð³ëãåí áàғà äåңãåé³íäå ñàòûï àëàòûí òàóàðëàð ìåí êөðñåò³ëãåí қûçìåòòåð ñàíûí êөðñåòåä³ \\ өíä³ð³ëãåí өí³ì ñàíû ìåí áàғàíûң æàëïû äåңãåé³í³ң àðàñûíäàғû òәóåëä³ë³ê
Æèûíòûқ ñұðíàûñ ïåí áàғà äåңãåé³ àðàñûíäàғû êåð³ òәóåëä³ë³ê òүñ³íä³ð³ëåä³: Áàéëûқ ýôôåêò³ñ³ìåí,Èìïîðòòûқ ñàòûï àëó ýôôåêò³ñ³ìåí,Ïàéûçäûқ ìөëøåðëåìå ýôôåêò³ñ³ìåí
Æèûíòûқ ñүðàíûñқà әñåð åòåò³í áàғàëûқ åìåñ ôàêòîð: Âàëþòàëûқ áàғàì àóûòқóëàðû, Ñàëûқ, Òұòûíóøûëàð әë-àóқàòû
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ - áұë: Áåð³ëãåí áàғà äåңãåé³ êåç³íäå қîғàì ìàñøòàáûíäà ұñûíûëғàí òàóàð æәíå қûçìåò ñàíû. Áàғà ìåí өí³ì êөëåì³ àðàñûíäàғû ò³êåëåé áàéëàíûñòû á³ëä³ðåä³. Ýêîíîìèêàäà өíä³ð³ëãåí äàéûí òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåòòåð ìөëøåð³í³ң æàëïû ñàíû
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ қèñûғûíûң қîçғàëûñû áàéëàíûñòû: Ôèðìàëàðғà ñàëûíàòûí ñàëûқ äåңãåé³í³ң өçãåðó³íå \\ Ðåñóðñòàð áàғàñûíûң өçãåðó³íå \\ Өíä³ð³ñ òåõíîëîãèÿñûíûң өçãåðó³íå
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ қèñûғûíûң қîçғàëûñû ìûíàғàí áàéëàíûñòû: Өíä³ð³ñ òåõíîëîãèÿñûíûң өçãåðó³íå/Ðåñóðñòàð áàғàñû/Ñàëûқòûң өçãåðó³íå
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñқà әñåð åòåò³í áàғàëû åìåñ ôàêòîð: Ôèðìàëàðғà ñàëûíàòûí ñàëûқ, Ðåñóðñòàð áàғàñû, Òåõíîëîãèÿ өçãåð³ñòåð³
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñқà әñåð åòåò³í áàғàëûқ åìåñ ôàêòîð: Òåõíîëîãèÿ өçãåð³ñòåð \\ Ôèðìàëàðғà ñàëûíàòûí ñàëûқ \\ Ðåñóðñòàð áàғàñû
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñòûң êåéíñèÿíäûқ үëã³ñ³í³ң àëғûøàðòû: Íàқòû øàìàëàð(æұìûñáàñòûëûқ,өí³ì øûғàðó)ñàëûñòûðìàëû èêåìä³ê,Íîìèíàëäûқ øàìàëàð(áàғà,æàëàқû)ñàëûñòûðìàëû қàòàң,Өíä³ð³ñ ôàêòîðëàðû òîëûқ қîëäàíûëìàéäû
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñòûң ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê өçãåð³ñ³í òàëäàó øàðòòàðû: +Áàғàëàð ìåí àòàóëû àéëûê æàëàқû өçãåðåä³; +Өíä³ð³ëåò³í өí³ì êөëåì³ áàғà äåңãåé³íå òәóåëä³ åìåñ; +Íàðûқòàð áәñåêåëåñ
Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñòûң ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê өçãåð³ñ³í òàëäàó øàòòàðû: + Íàðûқòàð áәñåêåëåñ; + Áàғàëàð ìåí àòàóëû àéëûқ æàëàқû өçãåðåä³; +Өíä³ð³ëåò³í өí³ì êөëåì³ áàғà äåңãåé³íå òәóåëä³ åìåñ
Æîñïàðëàíғàí øûғûíäàð: Òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåòòåðãå æîñïàðëàíғàí үê³ìåòò³ң,ôèðìàëàðäûң,үé øàðóàøûëûқòàðûíûң æәíå ñûðòқû ñåêòîðäûң øûғûíäàðûíûң ñîìàñû,Æîñïàðëàíáàғàí èíâåñòèöèÿëàðäû àëûï òàñòàғàíäàғû íàқòû øûғûíäàð,Å=C+I+G+Xn
Æұìûñ êүø³ құðàìûíàí øûққàíäàð: Çåéíåòêåðëåð, Æұìûñ ³çäåóäåí êүäåð үçãåíäåð, Æұìûñ ³ñòåóãå қàá³ëåò³ áàðëàð, á³ðàқ êåéá³ð ñåáåïòåðìåí æұìûñ ³ñòåé àëìàéòûíäàð
Æұìûñ êүø³ құðàìûíàí øûққàíäàðғà æàòàäû: Çåéíåòêåðëåð \\ Æұìûñïåí қàìòûëғàíäàð \\ Æұìûñ ³çäåóäåí êүäåð үçãåíäåð
Æұìûñ êүø³í³ң құðàìûíà ê³ðìåéä³: Çåéíåòêåðëåð,Æұìûñ ³çäåóäåí êүäåð үçãåíäåð,Ìåêòåï îқóøûëàðû,
Æұìûñáàñòûëàð êàòåãîðèÿñû: Æұìûñïåí қàìòûëғàíäàð, Òîëûқ åìåñ æұìûñ êүí æұìûñ ³ñòåéò³íäåð, Òîëûқ åìåñ æұìûñ àïòà æұìûñ ³ñòåéò³íäåð
Æұìûññûçäûêòûң òұðëåð³: +öèêëä³ê; +құðûëûìäûқ; +ôðèêöèîíäû
Æұìûññûçäûқ äåңãåéã³: Ñòàòèñòèêàëûқ êөðñåòê³ø/Ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ êөðñåòê³ø/Æұìûññûçäàð ìåí æóìûñ êүø³ ñàíûíûң қàòûíàñû
Æұìûññûçäûқ äåңãåé³: + Ñòàòèñòèêàëûқ êөðñåòê³ø; +Æұìûññûçäàð ìåí æұìûñ êүø³ ñàíûíûң қàòûíàñû; +Ұñûíûñ қèñûғûíà òәóåëä³
Æұìûññûçäûқ òүðëåð³: íàðûқòûқ \\ öèêëä³ \\ êәñ³ïêåðë³ê
Æұìûññûçäûқòûң íåã³çã³ ñåáåá³: Æұìûñ êүø³íå ñұðàíûñòûң áîëìàóû, Åңáåê íàðûғûíäàғû ñұðàíûñ ïåí ұñûíûñòûң òөìåíäåï êåòó³, Åңáåê íàðûғûíäàғû ñұðàíûñòûң òөìåíäåï êåòó³
Æұìûññûçäûқòûң íåã³çã³ ñåáåá³: Ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ òұðàқñûçäûқ/Äàғäàðûñ әñåð³/Ýêîíîìèêàíûң öèêëä³ äàìóû
Æұìûññûçäûқòûң íåã³çã³ òүð³: Ôðèêöèîíäûқ æұìûññûçäûқ/Құðûëûìäûқ æұìûññûçäûқ/Öèêëä³ê æұìûññûçäûқ
Æұìûññûçäûқòûң ñåáåïòåð³: åңáåê íàðûғûíäà àëғàø ïàéäà áîëóû. æұìûñ îðíûí æîғàëòó. æұìûñòàí өç åðê³ìåí êåòó
Æұìûññûçäûқòûң ñåáåïòåð³: +«Æұìûñàðàëûқ» æàғäàé; +Åңáåê êүø³íå äåãåí
Æұìûññûçäûқòûң ñåáåïòåð³: ìàìàíäûққà äåãåí ñұðàíûñòûң àçàþû \\ æұìûñàðàëûқ æàғäàé \\ åңáåê êүø³íå äåãåí ñұðàíûñòûң òàïøûëûғû
Æұìûññûçäûқòûң òүðëåð³: Öèêëä³ê,Ôðèêöèîíäû,Құðûëûìäûқ
Æұìûññûçäûқòûң òүðëåð³: ýêîíîìèêàëûқ/құðûëûìäûқ/êәñ³ïêåðë³ê
ÆҰӨ äåôëÿòîðû àíûқòàëàäû: áàғà äåôëÿòîðû \\ îñû æûëғû áàғàìåí áàçèñò³ê æûëäàãû áàғàíûң қàòûíàñû \\ àòàóëû ÆҰӨ íàқòû ÆҰӨ ãå қàòûíàñû
ÆҰӨ – ä³ өëøåóä³ң òәñ³ëäåð³: қîñûìøà құí áîéûíøà,òàáûñòàð áîéûíøà,øûғûíäàð áîéûíøà
ÆҰӨ-ä³ өëøåóä³ң òәñ³ëäåð³: ýêñïîðò áîéûíøà. қîñûìøà құí áîéûíøà. òàáûñòàð áîéûíøà
ƲӨ äå åñêåð³ëåò³í үé øàðóàøëûқòàðûíûң øûғûíäàðû: Æàңà үéä³ ñàòûï àëó \\ ʳòàï äүêåí³íåí æàңà îқóëûқ ñàòûï àëó \\ Қîëäàíûñòà áîëғàí àâòîìîáèëüä³ ñàòûï àëó øûғûíû
ƲӨ åñåïòåóäå қîëäàíûëàòûí әä³ñ: øûғûíäàð әä³ñ³/Òàáûñòûқ әä³c/Өíä³ð³ñò³ê әä³ñ
ƲӨ äåôëÿòîð Íîìèíàëäû ƲӨ-ãå òóðà ïðîïîðöèîíàë/Ïààøå èíäåêñ³ ôîðìóëàñûìåí åñåïòåëåä³/Íàқòû ƲӨãå-êåð³ ïðîïîðöèîãàë
ƲӨ äåôëÿòîðû:Àòàóëû æәíå íàқòû ƲӨ қàòûíàñû,1-äåí àðòûқ áîëñà,àòàóëû ƲӨ – ä³ àçàéòó êåðåêò³ã³í á³ëä³ðåä³,Àғûìäàғû áàғàìåí åñåïòåë³íãåí êөðñåòê³øòåðä³ íàқòû áàғàìåí қàéòà åñåïòåó êîýôôèöèåíò³
ƲӨ åñåïòåóäå қîëäàíûëàòûí әä³ñ: +Øûғûíäàð әä³ñ³; +Өíä³ð³ñò³ê әä³ñ; +Òàáûñòàð әä³ñ³
ƲӨ-äå åñêåð³ëåò³í óé øàðóàøûëûқòàðûíûң øûғûíäàðû: Æàңà қàëàìñàïòû ñàòûï àëó øûғûíû/ʳòàï äүêåí³íåí æàңà îêұëûқ ñàòûï àëó/Æàңà óéä³ ñàòûï àëó
ƲӨ-äååñêåðò³ëåò³í үé øàðóàøûëûқòàðûíûң øûғûíäàðû: ʳòàï äүêåí³íåí æàңà îқóëûқ ñàòûï àëó \\ Æàңà қàëàìñàïòû ñàòûï àëó øûғûíû \\ Êîììåðöèÿëûқ áàíêòåí æèíàқ îáëèãàöèÿñûí ñàòûï àëó øûғûíû
ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ
Èíâåñòèöèÿ äèíàìèêàñûí àíûқòàéòûí ôàêòîðëàð: +Íàêòû ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³; +Æèûíòûқ òàáûñ äèíàìèêàñû; +Ýêîíîìèêàëûқ êүòó
Èíâåñòèöèÿ äèíàìèêàñûí àíûқòàéòûí ôàêòîðëàð: Æèûíòûқ òàáûñ äèíàìèêàñû,Ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³í³ң өçãåðó³,Íàқòû ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³
Èíâåñòèöèÿ äèíàìèêàñûí àíûқòàéòûí ôàêòîðëàð: Æèûíòûқ òàáûñ äèíàìèêàñû \\ Ïàéûç ìөëøåðìåñ³í³ң өçãåðó³ \\ Íàқòû ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³
Èíâåñòèöèÿ äèíàìèêàñûí àíûқòàíòûí ôàêòîðëàð: Ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³í³ң өçãåðó³. Æèûíòûқ òàáûñ äèíàìèêàñû. Íàқòû ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³
Èíâåñòèöèÿ: +Àғûìäàғû êåçåңäå øûғûíäàëìàғàí øûғûííûң áөë³ã³; +Ìåìëåêåòò³ê íåìåñå æåêå қàðæûíûң ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê ñàëûìäàðû; +Қîçғàëìàéòûí ìүë³êò³ ñàòûï àëó
Èíâåñòèöèÿ-áұë: Ìåìëåêåòò³ê íåìåñå æåêå қàðæûíûң ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê ñàëûìäàðû,Òұðғûí үé îáúåêò³ñ³í ñàëóғà àðíàëғàí ñàëûì,Өíä³ð³ñ құðàë-æàáäûқòàðûíà қàæåòò³ ñàëûìäàð
Èíâåñòèöèÿíûң äèíàìèêàñûí àíûқòàéòûí ôàêòîðëàð:Òұòûíóøû қàðûçäàðûíûң íîðìàñû/Êәñ³ïêåðä³ң øåø³ì³/Қîëäàғû íåã³çã³ êàïèòàë
Èíôëÿöèÿ äåңãåé³: Ïààøå èíäåêñ³ íåã³ç³íäå åñåïòåëåä³\\ Áàғàëàðäûң îðòàøà äåңãåé³í³ң ñàëûñòûðìàëû өçãåðó³ \\ ÒÁÈ(òұòûíó áàғàëàðûíûң èíäåêñ³)íåã³ç³íäå åñåïòåëåä³
Èíôëÿöèÿ æàғäàéûíäà êåéá³ð áàғàëàð: Өçãåðìåéä³ \\ Áàÿó өçãåðåä³ \\ Æûëäàì өçãåðåä³
Èíôëÿöèÿ қàðқûíû өçãåðó³íå áàéëàíûñòû èíôëèÿöèÿíûң íåã³çã³ òүð³íå æàòàäû: Қàðқûíäû èíôëÿöèÿ \\ Áàÿó èíôëÿöèÿ \\ Ãèïåðèíôëÿöèÿñû
Èíôëÿöèÿ ñåáåïòåð³: +Өòå æîғàðû ñàëûқ äåңãåé³; +Æèûíòûқ ñóðàíûñ ïåí æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ àðàñûíäàғû òåïå-òåңä³êò³ң áұçûëóû; +Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðäûң өñó³ íåã³ç³íäå áîëàòûí ìåìëåêåò áþòæåò³í³ң òàïøûëûғû
Èíôëÿöèÿ òүðëåð³íå æàòàäû: +Øûғûíäàð èíôëÿöèÿñû; +Қîëäàíûëғàí êîìïüþòåðä³ ñàòûï àëó; +Àøûқ èíôëÿöèÿ
Èíôëÿöèÿ òүðëåð³íå æàòàäû: Ñұðàíûñ èíôëÿöèÿñû/Àøûқ èíôëÿöèÿ/Øûғûíäàð èíôëÿöèÿñû
Èíôëÿöèÿ: Áàãàëàðäûң îðòàøà äåңãåé³í³ң îñó қàðқûíû,Àқøàíûң ñàòûï àëó қàá³ëåò³í³ң òîìåíäåó³,Àқøàíûң құíñûçäàíóû
Èíôëÿöèÿ: Æàëïû áàғàëàð äåңãåé³í³ң өñó³/Íåã³çã³ ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ ïðîáëåìàëàðғà æàòàäû/ Àқøàíûң құíñûçäàíóû
Èíôëÿöèÿғà қàðñû ôèñêàëäû àÿñàò åðåêøåë³ã³: Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðäû àçàéòûï,ñàëûқ ñàëó äåңãåé³í àðòòûðó,Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðäû қûñқàðòó,Ñàëûқ ñàëó
Èíôëÿöèÿғà қàðñû ôèñêàëäû ñàÿñàò åðåêøåë³ã³: Ñàëûқ ñàëó äåңãåé³í àðòòûðó, Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðäû қûñқàðòó, Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðäû àçàéòûï, ñàëûқ ñàëó äåңãåé³í àðòòûðó
Èíôëÿöèÿғà қàðñû ôèñêàëäû ñàÿñàò åðåêøåë³ã³: +Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðäû қûñқàðòó; +Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðäû àçàéòûï, ñàëûқ ñàëó äåңãåé³í àðòòûðó; +Ñàëûқ ñàëó äåңãåé³í àðòòûðó
Èíôëÿöèÿғà қàðñû ôèñêàëäû ñàÿñàò құðàëäàðû Æұìûññûçäûқ äåңãåé³í òөìåíäåòó/ Ýêîíîìèêàëûқ өñóä³ қàìòàìàñûçäàíäûðó/ Ñàëûқ ñàëó қîéûëûìûí ðåòòåó
Èíôëÿöèÿìåí êүðåñ æîëäàðû: Æèûíèûқ ñұðàíûñ ïåí æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñòû ðåòòåó,Ñàëûқ ñàÿñàòû,Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðäû ðåòòåó
Èíôëÿöèÿíûң әëåóìåòò³ê çàðäàïòàðû: Õàëûқòûң ñàòûï àëó қàá³ëåò³ òөìåíäåéä³,Өì³ð ñүðó äêңãåé³ òөìåíäåéä³,Ұëòòûқ òàáûñòûң қàéòà áөë³íó³
ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ
Êàïèòàëäûң øåêò³ өí³ì³ ñèïàòòàéäû: Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң қàíøàëûқòû өñêåí³í. Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң қàíøàëûқòû өçãåðãåí³í. Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң өñ³ìøåñ³í
Êàïèòàëäûң øåêò³ өí³ì³ ñèïàòòàéäû: Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң, Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң өñ³ìøåñ³í, Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң қàíøàëûқòû өñêåí³
Êàïèòàëäûң øåêò³ өí³ì³ ñèïàòòàéäû: +Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң қàíøàëûқòû өçãåðãåí³í; +Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң қàíøàëûқòû өñêåí³í; +Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң өñ³ìøåñ³í
Êàïèòàëäûң øåêò³ өí³ì³ ñèïàòòàéäû: +Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң өñ³ìøåñ³í; +Òåõíîëîãèÿ äåңãåé³í; + Á³ð æұìûñáàñòûғà øàққàíäàғû қîð æèíàқòàóäû
Êàïèòàëäûң øåêò³ өí³ì³ ñèïàòòàéäû: Á³ð æұìûñáàñòûғà øàққàíäàғû қîð æèíàқòàóäû \\ Êàïèòàëäû åңáåêïåí àóûñòûðó íîðìàñûí \\ Қîñûìøà êïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң өñ³ìøåñ³í
Êàïèòàëäûң øåêò³ өí³ì³ ñèïàòòàéäû: Á³ð æұìûñáàñòûғà øàққàíäàғû қîð æèíàқòàóäû \\ Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң қàíøàëûқòû өçãåð³ñ³í \\ Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң өñ³ìøåñ³í
Êàïèòàëäûң øåêò³ өí³ì³ ñèïàòòàéäû: Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³íқîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң қàíøàëûқòû өñêåí³í \\ Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң өñ³ìøåñ³í \\ Қîñûìøà êàïèòàë á³ðë³ã³í қîëäàíғàíäà өí³ì øûғàðóäûң қàíøàëûқòû өçãåðãåí³í
Êàïèòàëäûң øåêò³ өí³ì³íå ñәéêåñ,ÌÐÊ-íû àíûқòàéäû,Êàïèòàëäûң әð á³ðë³êêå өçãåðãåíäåã³ өí³ì êөëåì³í àíûқòàéäû
Êåéíñ êðåñò³ áåéíåëåéä³: AD-AS үëã³ñ³í қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ê ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ òàëäàóғà қîëäàíóäû/Ìåìëåêåò àðàëàñóû àðқûëû æàëïû òåïå-òåңä³êêå æåòó ìүìê³íä³ã³í/Òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåòòåð íàðûғûíûң òåïå-òåңä³êò³
Êåéíñò³ê êåçқàðàñòû æàқòàóøûëàð ïàéûìäàóäûң æîëûí ұñûíàäû: Êåéá³ð áàғà өçãåðìåë³ äåãåíãå æîë áåðåä³, Áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûò àðàëûғûíäà êåéá³ð áàғàëàð өçãåðóãå áåé³ì åìåñ, Èíâåñòèöèÿ íàðûқòû òåïå -òåңä³ê æàғäàéғà әêåëåò³í құðàë äåï æîðàìàëäàéäû. Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ ýêîíîìèêàëûқ áåëñåíä³ë³êò³ àíûêòàéäû
Êåéíñò³ê êөçқàðàñòû æàқòàóøûëàð ïàéûìäàóäûң ìûíà æîëûí ұñûíàäû: Áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûò àðàëûғûíäà êåéá³ð áàғàëàð өçãåðóãå áåé³ì åìåc/Èíâåñòèöèÿ íàðûқòû òåïå-òåңä³ê æàғäàéғà әêåëåò³í құðàë äåï æîðàìàëäàéäû./Êåéá³ð áàғà àç өçãåðìåë³ äåãåíãå æîë áåðåä³
Êåéíñò³ê үëã³ áîéûíøà ýêîíîìèêàíûң òåïå-òåңä³êòå áîëó øàðòû: Өíä³ð³ñ êөëåì³ ìåí қîðëàð өçãåðìåéä³ \\ Æèíàқòàð èíâåñòèöèÿëàðғà òåң \\ Æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñ ïåí æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñû òåң
Êåéíñò³ê үëã³äå: Ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ ñàÿñàò áåëñåíä³, Ôèñêàëäû ñàÿñàò ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ òұðàқòàíäûðóäûң åң òè³ìä³ құðàëû, Íåã³çã³ òåңäåó Ү = Ñ+1+G+Nx
Êëàññèêàëûқ æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ қèñûғû ìûíà øàðòòàð îðûíäàëғàíäà âåðòèêàëäû: Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ òұðàқòû,Ôàêòîðëàð òîëûқ ïàéäàëàíûëàäû,Áàғàëàð òұðàқòû åìåñ,
Êëàññèêàëûқ ìàêðîýêîíîìèêàëûқ ñàÿñàò құðàëäûðûíûң қîëäàíó áàðûñû:Ñàëûқ ìөëøåð³í өñ³ðó³ íå êåì³òó³\\Ìåìëåêåòò³ê øûғûíäàðû өñ³ðó íå êåì³òó\\Ïàéûç ìөëøåðëåìåñ³í êөòåðó íåìåñå òөìåíäåòó
Êîììåðöèÿëûқ áàíê қûçìåò³: +²ñêåðë³êò³ íåñèåëåíä³ðó; + Õàëûқòû íåñèåëåíä³ðó; +Êәñ³ïîðûííûң àғûìäàғû øîòòàðûí æүðã³çó
Êүòïåãåí èíôëÿöèÿ íәòèæåñ³ ðåò³íäå áàéëûê êåëåñ³ æîëìåí қàéòà áөë³íåä³: Қàðûç áåðóø³ëåðäåí îíû àëóøûëàðãà. Êðåäèòîðëàðäàí çàåìùèêòåðãå. Íåñèå áåðãåíäåðäåí íåñèå àëóøûëàðғà
ҚҚҚҚҚҚҚҚҚҚҚҚҚ
Қàé êåçäå æèûíòûқ ñұðàíûñòûң àðòóûíäà өíä³ð³ñò³ң òåïå-òåңä³ê êөëåì³í³ң åñó³ îðûíäàëàäû: ÀS қèñûғûíûң øåêò³ êåéíñèàíäûқ êåñ³íä³ñ³íäå. ÀS қèñûғûíûң àðàëûқ êåñ³íä³ñ³íäå. AS қèñûғûíûң қàëûïòû êåéíñèàíäûқ êåñ³íä³ñ³íäå
Қîëàéëû àóà ðàéûíûң æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñқà әñåð³: +AS қèñûғû қîçғàëìàéäû; +Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ êөëåì³ àðòàäû; +AD қèñûғû æûëæûìàéäû
Қîëàéëû àóà ðàéûíûң æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñқà әñåð³: Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ êөëåì³ àðòàäû/AD қèñûғû æûëæûìàéäû/Îң ûқïàë åòåä³
Құðûëûìäûқ æұìûññûçäûқ: Ìәæáүðë³,ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ ñèïàòòû/Өíä³ðñòåã³ òåõíîëîãèÿëûқ өçãåð³ñòåðãå áàéëàíûñòû/Æұìûñ êүø³íå ñұðàíûñ құðûëûìûíûң өçãåðó³íå áàéëàíûñòû
Құðûëûìäûқ æұìûññûçäûқòûң ïàéäà áîëó ñåáåá³ Ғûëûìè òåõíèêàëûқ ïîððåññ íәòèæåñ³í³ң åíã³ç³ëó³,Ýêîíîìèêàäà êåéá³ð ìàìàíäûқòàð қàæåòò³ë³ã³í³ң áîëìàóû,Æàңà ìàìàíäû èãåðóä³ң қèûíäûқòàðû
Құðûëûìäûқ æұìûññûçäûқ: Өíä³ð³ñòåã³ òåõíîëîãèÿëûқ өçãåð³ñòåðìåí áàéëàíûñòû, Ìàìàíäûғû «åñê³ð³ï», қàæåò åìåñ áîëғàí òүëғàëàðìåí ñèïàòòàëàäû, Ìåêåìåäåã³ қûñқàðòóғà áàéëàíûñòû áîñàғàíäàð
Құðûëûìäûқ æұìûññûçäûқ: Ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³, Êåéá³ð ìàìàíäûқòàðғà ñұðàíûñ өçãåðãåíäå ïàéäà áîëàäû, Өíä³ð³ñòåã³ òåõíîëîãèÿëûқ өçãåð³ñòåðãå áàéëàíûñòû
Құðûëûìäûқ æұìûññûçäûқ: +Æұìûñ êүø³íå ñұðàíûñ құðûëûìûíûң өçãåðó³íå áàéëàíûñòû; +Өíä³ð³ñòåã³ òåõíîëîãèÿëûқ өçãåð³ñòåðãå áàéëàíûñòû; +Ìәæáүðë³,ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ ñèïàòòû
Құðûëûìäûқ æұìûññûçäûқ: Өíä³ð³ñòåã³ òåõíîëîãèÿëûқ өçãåð³ñòåðìåí áàéëàíûñòû\\Ìåêåìåäåã³ қûñқàðòóëàðìåí áàéëàíûñòû\\ Ìàìàíäûғû åñê³ð³ï êåðåê, åìåñ áîëғàí òұëғàëàðìåí ñèïàòòàëàäû
Құðûëûìäûқ æұìûññûçäûқòûң ïàéäà áîëó ñåáåá³: Æàңà ìàìàíäûқòû èãåðóä³ң қèûíäûқòàðû. Ғûëûìè-òåõíèêàëûқ ïðîãðåññ íәòèæåñ³í³ң åíã³ç³ëó³. Ýêîíîìèêàäà êåéá³ð ìàìàíäûқòàð қàæåòò³ë³ã³í³ң áîëìàóû
Құðûëûìäûқ æүìûññûçäûқ: Өíä³ð³ñòåã³ òåõíîëîãèÿëûқ өçãåð³ñòåðãå áàéëàíûñòû. Ìәæáүðë³, ұçàқ, ìåðç³ìä³ ñèïàòòû. Æұìûñ êүø³íå ñұðàíûñ құðûëûìûíûң өçãåðó³íå áàéëàíûñòû
Қûñêà ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåңäå: +Áàғàëàð äåңãåé³ òұðàêòû; +Өíä³ð³ñ ôàêòîðëàðû òîëûқ ïàéäàëàíûëìàéäû; +Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ êөëåì³ àéíûìàëû
Қûñқà æәíå ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåң àéûðìàøûëûқòàðû: +Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåңäå áàғà äåңãåé³ òұðàқòû; +Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåңäå íîìèíàëäû øàìàëàð áàÿó өçãåðåä³; +Ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåңäå íîìèíàëäû øàìàëàð æûëäàì өçãåðåä³
Қûñқà æәíå ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåң àéûðìàøûëûқòàðû: Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåңäå áàғà äåңãåé³ òұðàқòû \\ Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåңäå íîìèíàëäû øàìàëàð áàÿó өçãåðåä³ \\ Ұçàқ ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåңäå íîìèíàëäû øàìàëàð æûëäàì өçãåðåä³
Қûñқà ìåðç³ìäå êåçåңäå ұñûíûñòûң қîëàéñûç ñ³ëê³í³ñ³ íåãå òåң: Өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң өñó³íå \\ Òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåò êөðñåòóëåðä³ң қûìáàòòàíóûíàí \\ Áàғà äåңãåé³ өñåä³
Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ êåçåíäå àғûìäàғû қîëäà áàð òàáûñ өñêåí ñàéûí: Қîð æèíàóғà øåêò³ áåé³ìä³ë³ê өñåä³, ÀÐÑ êåìèä³, APS өñåä³, Îòáàñû òàáûñûíûң өñó³ìåí òұòûíóғà êåòêåí øûғûí áөë³ã³ ñàëûñòûðìàëû қûñқàðàäû æәíå қîð æèíàғû ñàëûñòûðìàëû өñåä³
Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ êåçåңäå ұñûíûñòûң êîëàéñûç ñ³ëê³í³ñ³ íåãå êåëåä³: +Өíä³ð³ñ øûғüøäàðûíûң өñó³íå; +Òàóàðëàð ìåí қûçìåò êөðñåòóëåðä³ң қûìáàòãàóûíà; +Áàғà äåңãåé³ өñåä³
Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ êåçåңäå ұñûíûñòûң қîëàéñûç ñ³ëê³í³ñ íåãå êåëåä³: áàғà äåңãåé³ өñåä³ \\ áàғà äåңãåé³ òөìåíäåéä³ өí³ì êөáåéåä³ \\ өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң өñó³íå
Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ êåçåңäå ұñûíûñòûң қîëàéñûç ñ³ëê³í³ñ³ íåãå êåëåä³: Áàғà өçãåðìåéä³\\ Өíä³ð³ñ øûғûíäàðûíûң өñó³íå\\ Áàғà äåңãåé³ өñåä³
Қûñқà ìåðç³ìä³ê êåçåíäå: Áàғàëàð äåңãåé³ òұðàқòû, Өíä³ð³ñò³ê ôàêòîðëàðû òîëûқ ïàéäàëàíûëìàéäû, Æèûíòûқ ұñûíûñ êөëåì³ àéíûìàëû
Ïîèñê ïî ñàéòó: