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Text 2. Moscow – the capital of Russia

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Moscow, the capital of Russia, draws people from all over the world like a magnet. Moscow’s past, present and future makes it a city of unique interests.

The Kremlin is the top sightseeing in Moscow. It is as old as Moscow itself. Its earliest wooden walls and towers were built in the 12th century. The red brick walls and towers that we see today date back to the 15th century. All in all, there are twenty towers in the Kremlin, but only five have ruby stars atop. The Spasskaya Tower, with its world-famous clock, is regarded as the main Kremlin tower.

The Cathedral Square inside the Kremlin is the most beautiful sight in Moscow. It is surrounded by such remarkable architectural monuments as the Cathedral of the Dormition, the Annunciation and Archangel Michael, the superb Palace of Facets and Terem Palace, and the magnificent Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, with its 18 richly decorated bells. All these buildings were created by the best architects from Novgorod, Suzdal, Vladimir and Pskov under the supervision of the Italian masters Fioravanti, Ruffo and Solari.

The Armoury, Russia’s oldest museum, is also situated in the Kremlin. Besides weaponry it has a splendid collection of various works of art from gold and silver ware to royal thrones and costumes. The Armoury also houses the Diamond Collection, featuring jewelry, unique specimens of sapphires, emeralds, diamonds, gold nuggets and other treasures.

The Grand Kremlin Palace is another beautiful sight. Important state assemblies and diplomatic meetings are held there.

Red Square is the geographical and historical center of Moscow. It makes a harmonious whole with the Kremlin’s architectural ensemble. The square is adorned by St. Basil’s Cathedral, which was built in the 16th century by two Russian architects Posnik and Barma. The building was erected as a monument of Russian military glory. In front of the Cathedral is the monument to Minin and Pozharsky. This is the first sculptural monument in Moscow. On the opposite side of the square there is the State History Museum. It was built in the 19th century. Its more than 300 thousand exhibits tell of Russia’s history.

The city’s cultural life is so rich that it may be difficult to choose something to your liking. There are more than 120 museums, which display millions of interesting things.

The Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be one of the most popular. The Gallery displays the remarkable works of art from early paintings and icons to the 19th century. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts can boast a fine collection of West European painting, including the works of French Impressionists.

The country’s leading musical theatre is the Bolshoi with about 50 operas and ballets. This theatre is famous for its traditions, school and artistic standards.

While in Moscow, the visitors admire its architecture. More than a thousand architectural ensembles and monuments have been taken under state protection in Moscow. The magnificent ensemble of the Novodevichy Monastery, founded in 1524, the graceful 16th century church at Kolomenskoe, the ornate Church of Intercession in Fili and the open air museums of Arkhangelskoe, Abramtsevo and Kuskovo are included in the list of major monuments of the world’s culture.

 

Words and phrases to remember:

to be regarded – считаться

to be surrounded – быть окруженным

to be adorned – быть украшенным

to be erected – быть возведенным

to draw – притягивать

to house – вмещать

graceful – грациозный

 

Answer the questions:

1. Is Moscow the capital of Russia?

2. When was Moscow founded?

3. Who is the founder?

4. What can you say about the Kremlin?

5. What can you say about the Cathedral Square inside the Kremlin?

6. What is the most beautiful square in Moscow?

7. What can you see there?

8. What can you learn from visiting the History Museum?

9. What can be said about the Tretyakov Gallery and the Museum of Fine Arts?

10. Have you ever been to Moscow?

11. What places did you visit or would like to visit?

 

Ex. 1. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Москва – один из древнейших городов мира. Она была основана в 1147

году.

2. Удивительные здания и великолепные соборы производят огромное

впечатление на туристов.

3. Этот замечательный монумент был воздвигнут в 19 веке.

4. Он считается выдающимся художником.

5. Тысячи туристов приезжают в Москву и восхищаются ее

достопримечательностями.

 


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