OF CULTIVATION MACHINERY

For all cultivation machinery it is characteristic to have common servicing and technical procedures. Main problems may occur in the frames, wheels, shafts, axles, bearing bodies, chains, etc.

A cultivator has a frame with a number of tines. It is mounted on a tractor and its working depth is controlled hydraulically. As with all cultivation machinery there is a wide range of working width - from 2 to 8 mm suitable for all sizes of tractors. Among the frame faults, we can detect the distortion, fractures and damage to the frame parts, and the wear of the bushings and bearings. All these faults can cause the malfunction of the operating parts and the gear mechanism. The frames are repaired by means of hydraulic attachments and heating.

We can detect faults in the wheels, shafts, axles, bearing bodies. They are: distortions or breakage of the rims, wear on the bushings, and loosening at the connection. The rim distortion can be eliminated by heating. The worn friction parts - the thread, bushings, connection pins, rollers, etc. - must be replaced.

Power-take-off-driven machinery is costly¹ and needs regular maintenance to insure long working life².

Take care of the cutting parts of the cultivation machinery. Tines used for soil cultivation must be sharp. While working, the tines get blunt and worn. The blunt blades cause bad operation and the reduction of the dimensions. All these result in the agrotechnical and power data.

NOTES

¹costly - дорогой, дорогостоящий

²long working life - длительный период эксплуатации

Active Vocabulary to Text С

EXERCISES

1. Find Infinitives in the following sentences and state their function.

1. The main faults may occur in the frames.

2. To make the procedure easier heat the frame.

3. To eliminate the distortion heat the frame.

4. It is necessary to replace the worn bushings, shafts, rims, and threads.

5. Power-take-off-cultivation machinery is costly and needs regular maintenance in order to ensure long working life.

6. Tines are arranged across the frame to allow free passage of soil.

2. Find the sentences with the modal verbs in the text. Try to use their equivalents, where it is possible.

3. Insert the necessary words.

1. Power-take-off-driven cultivation...is costly and needs regular maintenance.

2. The rim...can be eliminated by heating.

3. The frames are restored by means of...and heating.

4. Take care of...of the cultivating machinery.

5. A...has a frame with a number of tines.

4. Try to continue the sentences.

1. For all cultivation machinery the main faults can occur in...

2. The frame faults are the following...

3. Frames are repaired by...

4. The main wheel faults are...

5. Rim distortion is corrected by...

6. Tines are mounted on the tractor and its...

7. Power-take-off-driven machinery is...

8. Take care of the cutting parts of...

9. Blunt blades cause...

5. Transform the sentences used in the Passive Voice into sentences in the Active Voice.

1. Rigid tines are used for heavier work.

2. Tines are arranged on the frame to allow free passage of soil.

3. The reversible share is used for seedbed and general work.

4. Worn cutting parts are characterized by the blunt blades.

5. Blunt shares of plows and tines of harrows are heated to be restored.

6. Transform the sentences into the Present Continuous.

1. Cultivation machinery has uniform servicing and technical procedures.

2. A cultivator has a frame with a number of tines, which breaks the soil.

3. Hydraulic attachments help to restore the frame.

4. As a rule we use rigid tines for heavier work.

7. Answer the questions.

1. What mechanisms and devices are called cultivation machinery?

2. Do all of them have uniform servicing and technological procedures?

3. Where can the main faults occur?

4. What are the main faults of the frame?

5. Why is it necessary to eliminate them?

6. How can we eliminate them?

7. What faults are typical of the wheels, axles, and bearing bodies?

8. What role does heating play?

9. Why is it necessary to keep cutting parts into working order?

10. What are the cutting parts of a plow?

11. What faults can we detect in the cutting parts?

12. How can we eliminate them?

8. Read the dialogue.

- Hey, what are you doing here?

- Something has gone wrong with the share.

- What's wrong?

- The tines don't work! They don't break the soil properly. The depth of tine operation is too small. That won't do!

- You are quite right! There are some restrictions concerning the seedbed and working depth. It ranges from 1,5 - to - 4,5 m depending on the model.

- I suppose there are some frame faults. One of them is frame distortion.

- Then you must correct it by heating. But I'm afraid the problem is in the share. The blades are blunted, so sharpen them.

- OK! I'll try to do it. Thanks a lot.

- No problem!

9. Answer the questions on the dialogue.

1. What has gone wrong with the share?

2. Why don't the tines work properly?

3. What is the working depth?

4. What frame fault does the farmer have?

5. What is necessary to do if the blades are blunted?

10. Make up a dialogue on the situation.

Imagine that you are a farmer (an expert in this field of activity). It turns out that the agricultural Academy sent a fourth-year student for a practice. The student is very diligent but he has little practice operating cutting machines. Teach him to operate the cutting machines and explain the main faults of the mechanisms.

11. Read and translate the texts in written form.

DISK PLOWS

In disk plows large rotating disks have replaced the share, coulter and mould board. The disks move and turn the soil.

The disk plows have some structural features that allow them to operate where mould board plows cannot work efficiently:

1) on dry, hard ground, that can not be penetrated with shares and coulters;

2) on stony and root lands;

3) on sticky, waxy soils;

4) on stubbles with a large amount of trash.

Disk plows may be classified according to the method of attachment to the tractor. They are mounted, semi-mounted or trailed plows and conventional or reversible plows.

Mounted disk plows are attached to the tractor by 3-point linkage. They can be lifted or lowered by the hydraulic system. Most of them can be fitted in less than a minute.

Semi-mounted disk plows are pulled by the tractor drawbar.

Trailing disk plows have 3 wheels for support. Reversible disk plows are used in areas where it is necessary to turn all furrow in the same direction.

The disks cut the soil more easily and less soil is moved, but the disk plow is often heavier and this may increase the draft¹. Maintenance cost is low. There are no shares to replace or to sharpen². Plow disks last³ for years.

NOTES

¹draft - тяга

²sharpen - заострять

³last - сохраняются

Поиск по сайту: