Active Vocabulary

TEXT 6

FUEL PUMP

The fuel pump consists of modular units of housing and the head of the pump, and also a separate cover of the head cast from a zinc alloy.

In a pump casing the following elements are established: a diaphragm as an assembly with cups, a pull-rod, a copper hollow disk, a weather strip with a steel header and a spring; a bar of the drive gear of the pump with a shaft, the barrel and a spring; a bar of a hand drive with an axle as an assembly.

The lever pin of floating type, is fixed in housing on the one hand by the screw cap with a fiber layer pad, on the other - a plug, press-fitted in housing ball. The axle of a hand drive on the one hand is fitted by a ring rubber weather strip, on the on other – by a spherical plug press-fitted in a housing.

In the head of the pump, having suction and forcing cavities, two inlet and one forcing valves are established by means of a press fitting of a cartridge clip.

The valve consists of a cartridge clip made of a zinc alloy, the rubber valve and the brass plate, spring-loaded (from a bronze wire). The valve plate is intended for exclusion of a warping of the valve at lack of fuel in a fuel system.

Above inlet valves the filter made of a brass grid, folding in a framework is established.

The cover of the head is fastened to the head with two screws. Between the cover and the head there is a rubber gasket, which also shrugs the filter to the head. It is established for petrol-resistance and it tightens a partition dividing inlet and forcing cavities of the head and the cover.

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FUEL SYSTEM

The fuel system of a carburetor engine comprises the following components: a fuel tank, a fuel filter, a carburetor, fuel-supply, sometimes a fuel feed pump, a shut-off cock and a fuel gauge.

The fuel tank in the motor vehicle is located either at the dash board in the engine compartment or in the rear end of the vehicle; in lorries trucks it is arranged at the right or left frame side member or underneath the seats in the drivers cab.

Motor vehicles with fuel tank located lower than the carburetor have to be equipped with a fuel pump. Generally, it is diaphragm-type pump driven by the camshaft via an eccentric.

In case of «gravity feed fuel supply», a fuel shut-off cock is required. This cock is not required for feed pump operation since the fuel supply is automatically interrupted with the engine at standstill.

«Fuel filters» are vessels with a screen through which the fuel must pass to collect any dirt. The bottom of the fuel filter vessels is formed by a sump to collect any water likely to be found in the fuel, since water has a higher specific gravity than fuel. In systems operating with a pump, the top portion of the feed pump is designed as a fuel filter.

In order to protect pistons and cylinders from excessive wear resulting from dust and dirt drawn into engine, air filters are attached to the air intakes of the carburetor. Two general types are in current use: the oil-saturated air filter and the oil-bath air filter.

The oil-bath air filter is used for vehicles required to operate in extremely dusty districts, in agriculture etc. Its casing is equipped with a large internal-gauge inset and its bottom portion is filled with a small quaintly of motor oil. The larger dust and sand particles are collected on the surface of the oil in the oil compartment. The remaining dust particles are caught by the oil-saturated metal-gauge inset. Depending on the particular operating conditions of the vehicle, frequent cleaning is required.

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