Active vocabulary. because of prер из-за, вследствие

Words

because of prер из-за, вследствие

cause v быть причиной, причинять

collapse n разрушение

confine v ограничивать

due to prep благодаря, в силу

expansion n распространение

hazard n опасность

hose n пожарный рукав

injury n рана, ушиб, повреждение

occupant n житель, жилец

owing to prep благодаря, из-за

propagation n распространение

rate n темп, скорость

supply n снабжение

transfer v переносить

Word Combinations

a number of ряд

as a rule как правило

fall into the category относиться к категории; подпадать под категорию

in addition tо в дополнение к, кроме

of course конечно

Grammar Note

Составные предлоги – это предлоги, которые представляют собой, в основном, сочетание существительного, прилагательного, причастия или наречия с простыми предлогами или союзами, объединенное единым значением. Составной предлог имеет большей частью одно значение, соответствующее значению знаменательного слова, входящего в его состав.

Portable fire extinguishers are divided into classes according to the extinguishing agent they contain.

Переносные огнетушители подразделяются на классы в соответствии с огнетушащим веществом, которое они содержат.

Apart from carbon dioxide, dry powder and foam, sand is also suitable for extinction of Class "Д" fires.

Помимо двуокиси углерода, порошкового огнетушащего вещества и пены, песок также подходит для тушения пожаров класса “Д“.

In case of fire, ring the bell.

В случае пожара, звоните.

In connection with the introduction of up-to-date techniques, many old devices have been replaced by new ones.

В связи с введением современной техники многие старые приборы были заменены новыми.

Exercises

I. Practise the following for pronunciation:

oxygen, sufficient, transfer, combustible, entrance, smolder, transfer, vapour, charge, dioxide, barely, execute, confined, hose, hazard, injury, occupant, owing

II. Read the international words:

phase, temperature, starting, atmosphere, produce, carbon monoxide, composition, convection, generation, expansion, pressure, structure, intense, reduction, ventilation, tactics, department, toxic, vertical

III. Read and translate the pairs of nouns and verbs:

advance- to advance, rise- to rise, start- to start, water- to water, vapour- to

vapour, support- to support, cause- to cause, smoke- to smoke, flame- to flame, heat- to heat, use- to use, portion- to portion, fire- to fire, increase- to increase, damage- to damage, risk- to risk, collapse- to collapse, result- to result, flame- to flame, plan- to plan

IV. Give three forms of the following verbs:

to confine, to advance, to depend, to burn, to transfer, to heat, may, to get, to find, to stop, to drive, to break, to use, to clear, to do, to spread, can, to occur, to extinguish, to build, to fall, to divide

V. Read and translate the words of the same root:

combustion- combustible- incombustible- combustibility, to reduce- reduced- reduction, to advance- advancement- advanced, to ignite- ignition-igniter, to intensify- intense- intensification, to suffice- sufficient- sufficiently, to ventilate- ventilation-ventilator, to require- requirement- required, to heat-heated- heater, proper- property- properly- improper- improperly, to signify-significance- significant- significantly- insignificance- insignificant-insignificantly

VI. Read and translate the noun groups:

oxygen content, water vapour, flame production, convection currents, ignition temperature, ventilation operations, hose streams, fire officer, building fire, fire department, building element, building occupants, flame spread, Fire service, asbestos board, material fire properties, fire resistance, smoke movement

VII. Chose the correct word and translate the sentences:

1. Some factors can cause the........ air movement in the building.

normal- normalize-normally

2. Flammable materials spread the fire... rapid- rapidity- rapidly

3. The fire........ from the unknown cause.

start- started- starting

4. The reduction of the oxygen percentage increases the amount of... dioxide.

carbon- carbonize- carbonic

5. Two main factors determine the........ of smoke and hot gases from a fire in a building.

move- movement- movable

VIII. Chose the translation of the underlined words:

expansion 1. ожидание

2. распространение

3. экспортирование

injury 1. рана, ушиб

2. инъекция

3. несправедливость

collapse 1. сотрудничество

2. колледж

3. разрушение

confine 1. производить беспорядок

2. утверждать

3. ограничивать (ся)

supply 1. поддерживать

2. снабжать

3. предполагать

transfer 1. переписывать

2. переводить

3. переносить

spread 1. прыгать

2. распространять (ся)

3. разбрызгивать

______________________________________________________________

вход 1. enumeration

2. entrance

3. envelope

источник 1. source

2. sound

3. south

разрушение 1. colledge

2. colleague

3. collapse

улучшаться 1. imprint

2. improve

3. impress

иметь отношение, касаться 1. conceive

2. concern

3. comprise

IX. Read and translate the text "Building Fires"

X. Finish the sentences using the given words:

temperature, visible, building, hazard, tactics, carbon monoxide, wood, stage, gas, planned, difficult, normal, officer, phases, categories

1. Fires in building pass through different...

2. During the first stage the oxygen content is...

3. Convection currents transfer heat to the upper levels of the...

4. Entrance to the structure may be...

5. Carbon monoxide may be heated above the ignition...

6. Flames are barely...

7. The reduction of the oxygen supply has increased the amount of...

8. Carbon monoxide may be heated above its ignition...

9. Firefighting and ventilation operations must be carefully...

10. The way to fight confined structural fires is to get inside...

11. Ventilation should be done only by the experienced...

12. The collapse of structural elements can be a serious...

13. The major concerns to occupants are due to smoke and toxic...

14. A structure built … of the concrete and brick is safer that one built of...

15. The fire properties of building materials fall into:

XI. Match the nouns from the right column with the adjectives from the left column in accordance with the text:

importent hazard

serious gas

chemical level

upper reaction

toxic propagation

heavy phases

different smoke

vertical tactics

XII. Put general questions to the following sentences:

1. Chemical reactions double in speed with temperature rise.

2. First is the starting phase.

3. The oxygen of the atmosphere is gradually depleted.

4. The structure may be completely charged with smoke and gases.

5. Firefighters are chopping holes in roofs

6. This tactics is used to ventilate the building.

7. Fire has not resulted in many deaths or injuries.

8. Application of asbestos board improves the fire safety.

XIII. Finish sentences using the proper variant:

1. Confined fires in building pass through

a) different phases

b) the only phase

2. During the starting phase the oxygen content of the atmosphere is

a) very low

b) normal

2. During the second stage the oxygen of the atmosphere is

a) gradually depleted

b) rising

4. The heated atmosphere causes

a) a slow expansion of pressure in building

b) a rapid expansion of pressure in building

5. During the third phase flames are

a) distinctly visible

b) barely visible

6. Carbon monoxide may be heated

a) above its ignition temperature

b) up to its ignition temperature.

7. Ventilation should be done

a) by every fireman

b) only by experienced officer.

8. The collapse of structural buildings elements can be

a) serious hazard

b) minor hazard.

9. The fire properties of building materials fall into

a) several categories

b) two categories.

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