Active Vocabulary. alarm n – тревога, сигнал опасности

alarm n – тревога, сигнал опасности

appliance n – устройство, электрический бытовой прибор;

пожарная техника

audible a – слышный

detector n – детектор, индикатор, извещатель

escape n – спасение

v – избежать (опасности)

exceed v – превышать

expand v – расширять (ся), увеличивать (ся)

install v – устанавливать

melt v – плавить(ся)

occupant n – житель, обитатель

particle n – частица

respond v – реагировать

sensitive a – чувствительный

severity n – серьезность

shutdown n – остановка, выключение

specific a – определенный

threat n – угроза

value n – величина, значение

voltage n – электрическое напряжение

Exercises

I. Practise the following for pronunciation:

threat, incipient, smoldering, thermal, conductivity, ultraviolet, particle, audible, occur.

II. Read the international words:

detector, stage, product, temperature, element, type, millisecond, proportion, concentration, station, process, sensor, protection, residence, signal, result, action, thermal, photoelectric, electric, normally.

III. Read and translate the words of the same root:

detector – detect – detected – detection

container – contain – containing

expand – expansion

conduct – conductor – conductivity – conductive

reflect – reflection – reflected – reflector

respond – response – responded – responding

concentrate – concentration

act – action – actor – activity – active

reduce – reducer – reduction – reduced

red – infrared

IV. Read and translate the noun groups:

fire detector, smoke detector, flame detector, heat detector, smoke particles, signal transmission, emergency shutdown, fire protection experts, fire protection devices, heat detector sensing elements, electronic using elements, fire protection appliances.

V. Choose the correct words and translate the sentences:

1. conduct, conductor, conductivity, conductive

a. Water containing salt may be highly…..

b. Sometimes it is necessary to use water which has a high…….

c. Some metals can…… heat

2. detect, detector, detection

a. Various types of ………. will respond to different stages of fire.

b. There are interesting developments in ……. in the field of aerospace industry.

c. It’s very important to ….. fires as soon as possible.

3. reflection, reflect, reflective, reflector

a. The surface of this plastic plate …… light.

b. ……. plastic pieces mark the beginning of the tape.

4. reduction, reduce, reduced.

a. The introduction of the computer in the workplace has …… the workload of many people.

b. There will be a great ….. in the consumption of oil in the next decade.

5. response, respond, responded, responding

a. A thermal detector has slow ….. to many types of fires.

b. A thermal detector …… to heat.

VI. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the translation of the underlined words:

1. Such system sprays water over a given area. A spray of water reaches the fire and wets the combustible materials. You should not touch the wires with wet hands. 2. Firefighters tried to prevent a spread of the fire. The fire spread before the fire engines arrived. 3.Smoke detectors sound an alarm. They could not hear any sounds in the building. 4. A fire in the building is a great threat to the occupant. Fires threaten people’s life and health. 5. A small fire presents little danger because it can easily be kept under control. At present portable fire extinguishers can be divided into 5 categories. He had very many birthday presents. 6. A massive attack on the main body of the fire was very successful. Firefighters attack the fire using special equipment and devices. 7. Every house must have a fire escape plan. Some people may need to escape.

VII. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees:

1. Fire department is one of the most important organizations in a community.

2. Their first and most important task is to rescue people.

3. The boom on the largest trucks can extend 46 metres.

4. Citizens organized volunteer fire companies even in the largest cities.

5. Foam is the most effective extinguishing agents for fires of liquids.

6. Water is the most efficient and cheapest method of extinguishing fires of a general nature.

7. The simplest form of fire alarm is a bell.

8. Some liquids are more hazardous than others.

9. In the older type of extinguisher the gas pressure is produced chemically.

10. Most fires can be extinguished without difficulty in their early stages.

11. The greater the flow of water, the greater is the drop in pressure.

12. The higher the voltage, the more easily will current traverse (преодолевать) a gap.

13. The sooner a fire is detected, the easier it is to put out.

14. The longer you wait, the more risk there is that heavy smoke will spread into corridors.

15. Your chances of survival are less.

16. Keep low to the floor where the air is cleaner.

17. The best protection for a tree is moisture.

18. More than half of the fires in schools were suspicious in nature. This percentage is even higher for secondary schools.

19. Leave the building using the nearest stairways.

20. The best thing to do in a fire is to leave the building as soon as possible.

VIII. Read and translate the text “Fire Detectors”

IX. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a fire detector?

2. What are the general types of detectors?

3. When do detectors respond?

4. What elements do flame detectors contain?

5. What is employed in ionized-type smoke detectors?

6. How do photoelectric type smoke detectors work?

7. Why do fire departments advise people to install smoke detectors in their homes?

X. Choose the proper variant:

1. Fires develop in a) two stages b) three stages c) four stages.

2. A fire detector is a device a) to start a fire b) to respond to a change in its surroundings c) to extinguish a fire.

3. Heat detectors respond when the surrounding temperature a) exceeds a specific rate b) is at a specific rate c) is below a specific rate.

4. Flame detectors can detect a fire within a few a) minutes b) milliseconds

c) seconds.

5. Fire departments advise people to install smoke detectors in their a) cars

b) homes.

6. Most home fires occur a) in the morning b) in the evening c) at night.

XI. Find in the text the sentences describing:

a) heat detectors

b) flame detectors

c) ionized-type smoke detectors

d) photoelectric type smoke detectors

e) the actions started by fire detectors

f) smoke detectors.

XII. Decide whether these sentences are true or false. Use the phrase: “You are (not) quite right. That’s (not) quite right. I’m afraid you are wrong”

1. Fires develop in five stages.

2. Any type of fire detector will respond to any stage at fire.

3. As soon as the ambient temperature is exceeded heat detectors will respond.

4. Flame detectors can detect a fire very quickly.

5. A big radioactive source is used in ionized-type smoke detectors.

6. People are recommended to have smoke detectors in their homes.

7. At night fires are not very dangerous.

8. Smoke detectors will awaken the family and they will be able to escape before it’s too late.

XIII. Find in the text the English equivalents to the Russian phrases:

различные типы детекторов, различные стадии пожара, в ответ на изменение, окружающая температура, определенная величина, чувствительные к свету элементы, обнаружить пожар в течении миллисекунды, небольшой радиоактивный источник, соразмерно количеству присутствующих частиц, концентрация твердых или жидких частиц, выбранная величина, аварийная остановка, по крайней мере один извещатель, большинство пожаров в домах (квартирах), спасение невозможно.

XIV. Indicate the kind of detector that corresponds to the given information:

1. … responds when the surrounding temperature exceeds a specific rate.

2. … can detect fires within milliseconds.

3. … employs a small radioactive source.

4. … uses mechanical sensing elements.

5. … contains receiving elements sensitive to light.

XV. Retell the text in brief using the following phrases:

to develop in four stages, to respond to the different stages of fire, a fire detector is a device, the general types of detectors are….., heat detectors respond…., flame detectors contain ….., can detect a fire, a small radioactive source is employed, in photoelectric type smoke detectors, fire departments advise…., most home fires take place…., fire protection experts recommend.

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