Class ”D” fires

Metals are commonly considered to be nonflammable. However, they may contribute to fires in a number of ways. Spark of ferrous metals, iron and steel can ignite nearby combustible metals. Finely divided metals are easily ignited at high temperatures.

Active Vocabulary

Words

appliance n электроприбор; пожарная техника ash n зола, пепел

contribute to содействовать, способствовать

extensive a обширный, пространный

ferrous a железистый

fibre n волокно

fine a мелкий

frequency n частота

involve v включать

manufacture v производить

near-by a близлежащий

paint n краска

powdered a порошкообразный

spark n искра

storage n хранение

varnish n лак

Word Combinations

a large variety of большое разнообразие

a number of ряд

flash point температура вспышки

in the vicinity of поблизости, около

short circuit короткое замыкание

Notes

e.g. – example – например

etc – et cetera, etcetera – и так далее, и прочее

Grammar Note

That может выполнять в предложении функцию заменителя ранее упомянутого предложения. В этой функции that (those) переводится существительным, которое оно заменяет, или совсем не переводится.

The fireproof propertires of some natural materials are to some degree comparable with those of artificial materials.

Огнеупорные свойства некоторых естественных материалов до некоторой степени аналогичны свойствам искусственных материалов.

Exersises

I. Practise the following for pronunciation:

canvas, appliance, phenol, benzene, ethyl, ether, powder, methyl, ammonia, formaldehyde, acetylene, gasoline, fibre, fault, varnish, lacquer, aluminium, kerosene, diesel, circuit, lithium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, ferrous, potassium, zink, circonium.

II. Read the international words:

classify, group, produce, material, base, plastics, gas, product, electrical, conductor, metal, classification, effective, indicate, agent, group, textile, form, fact, result, lacquer, risk, normal, concentration, electrical, shock, contribute, ferrous, temperature, energized.

III. Read and translate the pairs of nouns and verbs:

help-to help, fire-to fire, place-to place, use-to use, number-to number, flash-to flash, risk-to risk, base-to base, shock-to shock, cause-to cause, air-to air, form-to form, result-to result, range-to range.

IV. Give three forms of the verbs:

may, classify, involve, help, indicate, place, explain, result, group, flash, consider, range, have, dry, contribute, ignite.

V. Read and translate words of the same root:

classify – classification, include – inclusion – inclusive – including, protect – protection – protective – protector, indicate – indication – indicative – indicator, extinguish – extinguishment – extinguisher, explain – explanation – explanatory, relate – relation – relationship – relative – relativity, contribute – contribution – contributor, ignite – ignition – igniter, divide - division – divided – divisible.

VI. Put the adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees:

common, certain, flammable, combustible, important, effective, broad, many, large, normal, short, near-by, easy.

VII. Choose the translation of the underlined words:

purpose 1. преследование

2. очищение

3. цель

______________________________________________________________

equipment 1. равнозначность

2. уравнение

3. оборудование

______________________________________________________________

substance 1. пригород

2. вещество

3. замена

______________________________________________________________

present 1. хранить

2. приготавливаться

3. представлять собой, являться

______________________________________________________________

involve 1. включать в себя

2. вкладывать

3. приглашать

______________________________________________________________

consider 1. укреплять (ся)

2. соглашаться

3. считать, полагать

______________________________________________________________

flammable 1. цветущий

2. воспламеняемый

3. текущий

______________________________________________________________

unconscious 1. потерявший сознание

2. неконтролируемый

3. неопределенный

hazardous 1. ненавистный

2. благородный

3. опасный

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знание 1. kingdom

2. knowledge

3. kindness

______________________________________________________________

частота 1. freedom

2. friction

3. frequency

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волокно 1. fever

2. fiber

3. fiction

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влиять, быть причиной 1. cease

2. cause

3. call

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следовать 1. follow

2. fall

3. fold

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течь 1. flower

2. float

3. flow

______________________________________________________________

горючий 1. combinative

2. comfortable

3. combustible

______________________________________________________________

подобный 1. simple

2. similar

3. sincere

______________________________________________________________

железистый 1. fertile

2. festive

3. ferrous

______________________________________________________________

VIII. Match the synonyms:

a) purpose, place, nearby, mainly, broad, protection, often, indicate, similar, combustible, because of, help, substance, use, classify, manufacturing, consider, should, include, common, firefighting, important.

b) significant, think, wide, determine, assist, usual, like, frequent, locate, near, chiefly, production, aim, involve, flammable, employ, matter, group, fire combat, must, defence, due to.

IX. Match the antonyms:

a) common, certain, important, effective, often, broad, use, combustible, base, dry, after, flammable, heavy, high.

b) seldom, top, uncommon, narrow, ineffective, before, incombustible, wet, unimportant, low, non-flammable, disuse, uncertain, easy.

X. Read and translate the noun groups:

ethyl ether, petroleum products, fuel oil, water base, fire risk, flash point, fire protection activity.

XI. Find the proper word and translate the sentences:

1. Fire is a chemical ….. between matter and the oxygen.

react – reaction – reactionary.

2. Fires of class “A” ….. common combustible materials.

involve – involving – involved.

3. Many materials may be ….. as fuels.

class – classify – classification – classifying – classified

4. Flames can be inhibited ……

chemistry – chemical – chemically.

5. Under various conditions the same fuel has different…… characteristics.

burn – burner – burning – burnt.

6. At the beginning of fire wood can ……. large quantities of smoke.

produce – production – producing – produced.

XII. Fill in the blanks with one of the following words:

similar, give off, the firemen, eguipment, purposes, organic, involving, combustible, extensively, cause, present, easily, often, oxygen, metals

1. For firefighting ….. fire may be classified in four groups.

2. Class “A” fires are fires …. common combustible materials.

3. Class “B” fires are fires involving flammable liquids, gases, oils and …. products.

4. Class “C” fires are fires involving energized electrical ……

5. Class “D” fires are fires involving …… metals.

6. The knowledge of fire classification helps …… in the fire protection activity.

7. Wood is very ….. involved in fires.

8. Textiles are used ……

9. A large variety of ……. substances are used in manufacturing plastics.

10. Flammable liquids are those that …… flammable vapours.

11. Most paints …… a high fire risk.

12. Any gas that burns in the normal concentrations of ……. in air is a flammable gas.

13. Electrical equipment may …… electrical shock or burns to firemen.

14. …….. are considered to be unflammable.

15. Finely divided metals are …… ignited at high temperatures.

XIII. Match the nouns from the right column with the adjectives from the left column in accordance with the text:

large risk

textile – related materials

organic groups

flammable concentrations

normal agent

ferrous liquids

broad substancies

common variety

similar fires

electrical metals

high products

effective equipment

XIV. Put general questions to the following sentences:

1. Fire may be classified in four groups.

2. The knowledge of fire classification is very important.

3. Class “A” fires involves common combustible materials.

4. Almost all the textiles are combustible.

5. Flammable liquids give off flammable vapour at 26,7 ⁰C.

6. The petroleum products are considered to be combustible liquids.

7. Electrical equipment may cause electrical shock.

8. Spark of ferrous metals can ignite nearby combustible materials.

XV. Choose the proper variant:

1. Fire may be classified in

a) numerous groups

b) four groups

2. Class “A” fires are fires involving

a) ashproducing materials

b) flammable liquids

3. Class “B” fires are fires involving

a) rubber and certain plastics

b) flammable gases, liquids, etc

4. Class “C” fires are fires involving

a) energized electrical equipment

b) oil, greases and similar products

5. Class “D” fires are fires involving

a) energized electrical equipment

b) combustible metals

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