American Neoclassicism

The founding of the American republic coincided with the popularity of Neoclassicism. Since the ancient Roman republic seemed a model, the new country clothed itself in the garb of the old. It adopted Roman symbols and terms like «Senate» and «Capitol» (originally a hill in ancient Rome). For a century, official buildings in Washington were Neoclassic knock–offs.

Peale. The Leonardo of the New World. Charles Wilson Peale was a model Enlightenment man. He came to painting through craftsmanship and was a saddler, watchmaker, silversmith, and upholsterer before becoming the most fashionable portraitist. «Concordia Animae» (Harmony of Souls), indicating the painting's theme. The composition emphasizes the essential unity of the group. Although they are divided into two camps, all are linked by contact of hand or shoulder except the nurse. The figures slightly overlap, with the scattered fruit also binding the two halves. Peale suggests a visual tie by the painter's brother seated at left sketching his mother and her grandchild at right. This type of picture was popular in eighteenth– and early–nineteenth–century painting.

Copley. America's first painter of note, John Singleton Copley taught himself the profession by studying anatomy books and reproductions of paintings. Copley had an astonishing ability to record reality accurately. His subjects had real bulk, and he brilliantly simulated reflected light on various textures. Copley also portrayed his sitter's personality with penetrating observation. Eliminating the columns and red curtains used to dress up portraits, he concentrated on the fleeting expressions and gestures that reveal character. Although he painted his well–to–do clients' costumes in detail, he focused on the individuality of their faces, where each wrinkle suggested character.

Stuart. Gilbert Stuart was America's other great painter of the Neoclassic period. Stuart refused to follow established recipes for painting flesh. He used all the colors to approximate flesh but without blending, which he believed made skin look muddy, like saddle leather. Something of a pre–Impressionist, Stuart made skin seem luminous, almost transparent, through quick brushstrokes rather than layered glazes. Each stroke shone through the others like blood through skin, giving a pearly brilliance to his faces.

hallmark – a typical feature.

stoicism – stoical behaviour.

fastidious – caring a lot about small details and wanting everything to be correct and tidy.

garb – a particular type of clothing, for example clothing that shows your situation in life or the work that you do.

knock–off – a bad or cheap copy of something.

luminous – very bright.

1. Retell the text according to the plan:

1. Neoclassicism.

2. American Neoclassicism.

References

1. A. Hockensmith, Art Workbook / Hockensmith A. - University of Arizona.: Arizona, - 2009. 119 p.

2. Art History Download Center http://teachers.henrico.k12.va.us/henrico/guyer_m/artlinx/art_hi story-downloads.html

3. C. Strickland, J. Boswell, The Annotated Mona Lisa. A crash course in art history from prehistoric to post-modern / Strickland C., Boswell J. - John Boswell Management, Inc.: Kansas, - 1992. 212 p.

4. Multimedia Art Glossary http://www.hbschool.com/glossary/art_everywhere/final/

5. Music and Art History Puzzles. – Mark Twain Madia Inc:NY,- 2002.98 p.

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