Americans who live on the Pacific Coast worry

About earthquakes.

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Variant 5

2 Complete the text with the words from the table.

Sign, Sign, Everywhere a Sign

Although speech is (1) accepted as the most advanced form of

Communication, there are many (2) of communicating without using

Words. In every (3) culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures

Are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great

Deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of

(4) methods are and how each differs from the others. For instance,

The basic function of any signal is to influence upon the environment in

Such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes

That can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the

Potential for communication through these dots and dashes — short and

Long intervals as the circuit is broken — is very great. Less adaptable to

The codification of words, signs also (5) agreed upon meaning; that

Is, they convey (6) in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal

red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white

swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are (7) difficult to describe than either signals or signs

Because of their relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In

Some cultures, applauding in a theatre provides performers with an auditory

Symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can

Be a (8) of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures

Such as waving and (9) also communicate certain (10) messages.

(Source: http://www.innovative-english.com/TEFLCD/lessons/tread6.htm)

A B C D

General generally quite fully

Terms traditions ways stages

Known held created written

Then this that these

Inform contain transmit retell

Informing information inform informative

More most least little

Book epoch symbol type

Handshaking walking writing speaking

Strict cultural kind false

3 Comment on the following issues.

We can’t choose family members but we can choose our friends.

• What is the most important quality a friend should have?

• What qualities do you think your friends see in you?

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Орієнтовні зразки екзаменаційних завдань для державної підсумкової атестації 15

VARIANT 6

1 Read the text and choose the correct item for each statement below.

Main Dish — Pasta with Ham and Apples

For 1—2 servings.

Macaroni or rotini pasta, cooked; 200—300 grams of ham, diced;

1 onion, diced; 1 apple, peeled and chopped; butter; 2 teaspoons sugar;

Teaspoon oregano or basil.

Dice ham and onions. Skin and coarsely chop apple. Melt a little butter

In a frying pan. Cook the onions in the butter until they are translucent.

Add oregano or basil to the onion. Add the ham. Cook in butter

For one minute. Add the apple. Once the apple is soft but not mushy,

Add enough extra butter to make a sauce for your pasta. Add a little

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