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CHECKING TECHNICAL STATE OF A CAR

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Checking the technical state of a car is performed visually by means of stethoscope, desselerometer, tape-measure and pressure-gauge.

Engine operation is checked at different rotation frequencies of the crankshaft. The stethoscope is used to check for noises and clatter, visually engine operation is checked for contamination by burnt gases, tightness of the lubrication system, the supply system, the cooling system, and the control devices operation at the different rotation frequencies of the crankshaft, operation of the head-lights, operation of the light switches, the windscreen wipers and the horn.

The next procedure is checking the air pressure in the tyres, and if necessary, the normalization of the pressure. Also, the oil level must be checked. The engine crankcase, gearbox and the rear end should be filled up with oil.

When the car is in motion the coupling, the gear box and the main gear are checked. The braking track and slowing down are checked on the dry road with hard covering.

The condition of the pipelines, gaskets and sealings of all units and mechanisms of the automobile and its tightness are checked visually. Heating of units is checked by touching.

When the car is in good working order, it should fulfill the following requirements: with loading acceleration the engine must operate without any clatters or pauses. The control devices should indicate the required data, gears must not slip; with continuous gear shifting, there must be no jerks: all the gears must be easy to shift into and out; without any clatters or gnash. The temperature of the units must not exceed 600C.

 

TEST QUESTIONS

 

1. How is fuel converted into engine power?

2. What are the main engine parts?

3. What is the engine stroke?

4. What are the four strokes of an internal combustion engine?

5. Describe each of the engine strokes.

6. What operation does the piston perform?

7. What are the functions of the piston rings?

8. What are the main shafts of the engine?

9. What is the function of the camshaft?

10. What does the crankcase serve for?

11. Why is it necessary to lubricate engine parts?

12. What are the basic parts of the lubrication system?

13. What happens when there is too much lubrication on the working surfaces?

14. What is the result of poor lubrication?

15. What are the most common types of lubrication?

16. What parts does the electrical system consist of?

17. How is the lubricant cleaned?

18. What parts need lubrication?

19. What devices form the fuel system?

20. What is the explosive mixture?

21. What does the cooling system serve for?

22. What units does the cooling system include?

23. What is the scheme of the water circulation in the cooling system?

24. What is the function of the thermostat?

25. What is the main difference between the carburetor and diesel engine?

26. What is the main feature of abnormal operation?

27. What does the crank mechanism include?

28. What does the gas-distributive mechanism include?

29. What do you do if you have worn out crank bearings, shafts, inserts, bushes?

30. What must be repaired by highly qualified personnel?

31. What faults cause pressure reduction?

 

 


LESSON 2

TRACTORS

TEXT A MODERN TRACTORS

TEXT B CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF MODERN TRACTORS

TEXT C DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES

GRAMMAR REVISION MODAL VERBS. PASSIVE VOICE

 

TEXT A

 


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