B) meet their liabilities

c) lend money to firms, households

4.2. The clearing system enables banks ….

a) to purchase interest-bearing securities

b) to settle debts between banks

c) to cover cash deficit

4.3. Bills are fi­nancial assets to be repurchased by ….

a) the borrower within a year or less

b) a creditor within a year and a half

c) insurance company within a year

4.4. Securities are traded daily on the Stock Exchange and

a) their price is stable

b) their price fluctuates considerably

c) their price fluctuates in the afternoon

4.5. To withdraw a time deposit one must give the bank a period of notification …. a) within which banks can buy some high-interest se­curities

b) within which banks can get money from government reserve

c) within which banks can sell off some of their se­curities or call in

some loans

Контрольная работа для студентов специальности 080109

I. Выберите правильный ответ, обращая внимание на видовременную форму и залог сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.1. Auditing … very fast now.

a) was developing

b) is developing

c) has developed

1.2. Raw materials and agricultural products … usually … in open markets, where the influence of cost on supply is much less pronounced.

a) will be sold

b) is sold

c) are sold

1.3. The bankers were informed that Mr. Roger … the interest on the loan a few days ago.

a) has paid

b) had paid

c) pays

1.4. The stockholder is satisfied that the investment interest … already to his account in the bank.

a) has been sent

b) had been sent

c) has sent

1.5. In 1977 the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) ….

a) established

b) was established

c) has established

II. Выпишите предложения, содержащие в составе герундий и переведите их на русский язык.

2.1. The using of the new method produced good results.

2.2. Investing money in new technologies usually increases the production efficiency.

2.3. We are checking on the accuracy of the data.

2.4. Imposing some restrictions on food prices, governments make it possible for all the people to buy enough food.

2.5. Organizations do not respond to customer forces in the external environment by taking actions.

III. Выпишите предложения в которых инфинитив является подлежащим и переведите их на русский язык.

3.1. To reduce tariffs and remote trade restrictions was one of the main purposes

of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

3.2. To be less dependent on distance many companiesare investing large amounts

of money in developing new means of communication.

3.3. To summarize amounts of assets withdrawn by the owners is the main

purpose of the income statement.

3.4. Starting business a person has to analyze such factors as the total amount of

capital to be used, the amount of money to be borrowed in a bank.

3.5. To perform all seven steps of the accounting cycle corporations often have

internal bookkeeping and accounting departments.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, затем выполните тест по тексту:

Accounting Information

Accounting provides informational access to a company's financial condi­tion for three broad interest groups. First, it gives the company's management the information to evaluate financial performance over a previous period of time, and to make decisions regarding the future. Second, it informs those who are interested in buying its stock, about the fi­nancial position of the company. Third, accounting provides reports for the tax and regulatory departments of the government. In general, accounting informa­tion can be classified into two main categories: financial accounting (or public information) and managerial accounting (or private information).

Managerial accounting deals with cost and profit relationships, efficiency and productivity, planning and control, pricing decisions, capital budgeting, etc. This information pro­vides a wide variety of specialized reports for division managers, department heads and project directors.

A standard set of financial statements is expected to be prepared regularly by financial accounting and published in an annual report at the end of the fiscal year. These statements include the following items: 1) the balance sheet, 2) the statement of cash flows, 3) the income statement, 4) the statement of retained earnings.

Information relating to the financial position of a company, mainly about assets and liabilities, is presented in a balance sheet. The statement of cash flows shows the changes in the company's financial position and provides information which is not available in either an income statement or a balance sheet.

Another financial statement disclosing the results of the company's activ­ity is known as the income and expense statement. Prepared for a defined time interval, this statement summarizes the company's revenues, expenses, gains and losses and shows whether a company has made a profit within the period. Income is considered to be the difference between revenues and expenses. Revenues are transactions that represent the inflow of assets as a result of operations — that is, the assets received from selling goods and rendering services. Expenses are transactions involving the outflow of assets in order to generate revenue, such as wages, salaries, rent, interest and taxes. The income statement excludes the amount of assets withdrawn by the owners, in a corporation such withdrawal of assets being called dividends.

The separate statement of retained earnings and stockholder's equity shows inves­tors what has happened to their ownership in the company, how earnings and new stock issuance have increased its value, and what dividends were paid.

Each of these reports contains figures for previous years and for the cur­rent period, providing a way of comparing present and past company perfor­mance. Being prepared for the use of management, the financial statements contain neither debit nor credit columns. These statements are accompanied by additional data about the particular accounting method used, as well as explanations about the most important events within the previous year.

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