ENGINEERING, ITS BRANCHES AND FUNCTIONS

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Учебное пособие

для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы

студентов I-II курсов ММФ

Йошкар-Ола

ПГТУ

УДК 811.111 (07)

ББК 81.2.Англ - 9

А 71

Рецензенты:

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент ПГТУ О.И. Чередниченко;

Печатается по решению

редакционно-издательского совета ПГТУ

А 71 Английский язык: для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы

студентов I-II курсов ММФ/ сост. К.Т. Парулава. – Йошкар-Ола: Поволжский государственный технологический университет, 2013. – 107с.

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов I-II курсов ММФ очной формы обучения. Цель пособия – развитие навыков чтения, понимания и перевода научных текстов, формирование лексических и грамматических навыков, а также навыков устной и письменной речи на английском языке у студентов технических специальностей.

УДК 811.112:81'271(07)

ББК 81.2. Англ. -9

© Поволжский государственный

технологический университет, 2013

Contents

Unit 1 Engineering, its branches and functions 4

Unit 2 Engineering design process 11

Unit 3 Engineering drawing 18

Unit 4 Materials science and engineering 26

Unit 5 Metals 33

Unit 6 Properties of metals 41

Unit 7 Plastics 48

Unit 8 Machine tools 55

Unit 9 Metalworking processes 62

Unit 10 Engines and transmissions 69

Supplementary texts 76

Speaking and writing assignments 91

Appendices 96

References 107

Unit 1

Задание I

1. Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим словам, содержащим интернациональные корни:

Economic, social, practical, technology, mechanical, discipline, physics, construction, motor, electronic, element, system, theory, material, company, component

2. Прочитайте следующий текст:

ENGINEERING, ITS BRANCHES AND FUNCTIONS

Engineering is the application of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. It may encompass using insights to conceive, model and scale an appropriate solution to a problem or objective. The discipline of engineering is extremely broad and encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of technology and types of application.

Engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.

Engineering is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. These disciplines concern themselves with different areas of engineering work. Although initially an engineer will usually be trained in a specific discipline, throughout an engineer’s career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas. Engineering is often characterized as having four main branches:

- Chemical engineering - The application of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering principles in order to carry out chemical processes on a commercial scale.

- Civil engineering - The design and construction of public and private works such as infrastructure (airports, roads, railways, water supply and treatment etc.), bridges, dams, and buildings.

- Electrical engineering - The design and study of various electrical and electronic systems such as electrical circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems, telecommunications, instrumentation, controls, and electronics.

- Mechanical engineering - The design of physical or mechanical systems such as power and energy systems, aerospace/aircraft products, weapon systems, transportation products engines, compressors, powertrains, kinematic chains, vacuum technology, and vibration isolation equipment.

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