A DISAPPEARING KIND OF WORK

Вариант 1

I. Прочтите и переведите текст:

THE TOWER OF LONDON¹

The Tower of London has been called "The Cradle of the English race". It is the oldest palace, fortress and prison in Europe.

The great fortress was created by William the Conqueror,²nearly 900 years ago. The site was well chosen, the fortress commanded the river approaches to the city and it protected the king and government from the citizens of London.

The Tower of London is roughly square in shape with two lines of defensive walls enclosing the tower which for centuries has been known as the White Tower. The outer wall is defenced by six towers on the river face and by two semi-circular bastions at the north-east and north­west.

Over the centuries the Tower has served many purposes. It has been a citadel, a royal palace, a prison for dangerous offenders against the state.

The Tower is entered at the foot of Tower Hill.³ One of the most well-known lowers is the Lion Tower. In this semicircular tower the royal menagerie was housed. In 1834 the menagerie was sent to Regent's Park⁴ where it formed the present London Zoo. The tower was then demolished.

The most terrible of them was Bloody lower: Sir Thomas Moore was a prisoner there.

There have always been ravens at the Tower and some are-still there. These large birds traditionally associated with ill-omen live on raw meat and offal, but their favourite food is raw eggs. They are unfriendly and it is unwise to touch or feed them.

There are six birds. Their wings are clipped so that they cannot fly away.

Every night at exactly seven minutes to 10 o'clock the oldest and most colourful ceremony takes place for the last 700 years in the same form as it is seen today.

(From "Tower of London" by T. Butler)

II. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. How many years ago was the Tower of London created? 2. What is the shape of the Tower? 3. What purposes has the Tower served over the centuries? 4. What formed the present London Zoo? 5. Why do six ravens live in the Tower?

III. Выпишите из текста интернациональные слова.

IV. Определите по суффиксу часть речи:

fourteen, spoken, amendment, biologist, brighten, coolly, brutal, cruelty, fuzzy, gabber

V. Выпишите т текста и переведите предложения с оборотом there is (are) и предложения, в которых глагол употребляется в настоящем неопределенном времени в действительном и страдательном залогах.

VI. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:

a) Don't polish these boards, I don't like it. b) Who is on board that ship? c) Is it true that your sister is going on the boards? d) When did he board the ship?

a) Water (H₂O) is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. b) He is composing a new song now, you'll hear it soon. c) The boy was crying bitterly but when he saw a toy he composed himself.

a) He is full of complaints: this is not well and that is wrong. b) I have no complaints to make. c) This old man is suffering from a heart complaint.

VII. Закончите предложения:

a) I was asked.... b) My family.... c) He doesn't.... d) Have you seen...? e) I am....

¹ Tower of London - Тауэр (старинная крепость на берегу р. Темзы)

² William the Conqueror - Вильгельм Завоеватель

³ lower Hill - Тауэр-Хилл (площадь около Тауэра)

⁴ Regent's Park - Риджентс-Парк

Вариант 2

I. Прочтите и переведите текст:

A DISAPPEARING KIND OF WORK

New York is one of the last large cities to have some of its policemen on horseback. The New York police have 170 horses, which use more than 8,000 horseshoes a year. Keeping these shoes in good repairs is the job of six blacksmiths. There are only about thirty-five blacksmiths in the whole United States.

A blacksmith has to be able to shape a shoe from a plain piece of metal and then fit it to each horse. A blacksmith must work very hard, since he is bent over while fitting the shoe and must hold the weight of the horse's leg at the same time.

Every police horse in New York gets new shoes every month. The cost of shoeing a horse is between twenty dollars and thirty-five dollars, and it takes a skilled blacksmith two or three hours to do the job.

Clearly, a blacksmith must have great strength. But even more important, he must be able to deal with horses. For before the blacksmith can begin his work, he has to get the horse to lift its leg.

(From "Encounters". A Basic Reader)

II. Ответьте на. следующие вопросы:

1. What kind of work does a blacksmith do? 2. How often does a police horse get new shoes? 3. How long does it take to shoe a horse? 4. What does a blacksmith do with the horse's leg while he is fitting the shoe? 5. What must, a blacksmith do before he can begin his work? 6. Why is a blacksmith's work hard?

III. Выпишите из текста интернациональные слова.

IV. Определите по суффиксу часть речи:

talentless, television, handless, subscribe, substantial, roughly, rely, regulator, popular, pulsate

V. Выпишите из текста и затем переведите предложения с модаль­ными глаголами have to, must, can.

VI. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:

a) Don't throw stones at my dog! b) This sportsman's throw of the hammer is the best today. c) Yesterday he bought a new throw for his mother's bed.

a) Her mother had thick beautiful hair. b) The air was thick with snow. c) In the thick of the crowd we saw Ann.

a) Do you like to play tennis? b) The children were at play and noticed nothing. c) Are you going to the play?

VII. Закончите предложения:

a) Ann can.... b) Did he...? c) Has she...? d) They don't.... e) We have never been....

Вариант 3

I. Прочтите и переведите текст:

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