Management by Others

TOPIC 1. DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT. ITS NATURE AND PURPOSE

We define management as the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected aims. This basic definition needs to be expanded.

1. As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.

2. Management applies to any kind of organization.

3. It applies to managers at all organizational levels. Management applies to small and large organizations, to profit and not-for-profit enterprises, to manufacturing as well as service industries.

The logical and most desirable aim of all managers should be a surplus — managers must establish an environment in which people can accomplish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials and personal dissatisfaction1, or where they can achieve as much as possible of a desired goal with available resources.

THE COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT

1. Planning ( creating broad organizational goals to help managers and employees focus on what the property is trying to accomplish)

2. Organizing involves establishing the flow of authority and communication between people and organizational levels.

3. Coordinating ( You must be able to coordinate the efforts of your employees through good planning and effective organization)

4. Staffing involves recruiting applicants and hiring those best qualified

5. Directing includes all the activities necessary to oversee, motivate, train, evaluate, and discipline employees.

6. Controlling helps to ensure that you are attaining your objectives. The control process begins with establishing performance standards, continues with assessing actual performance, and then involves making a comparison between performance standards and actual performance to determine whether — and to what extent — corrective action is necessary

7. Evaluating means looking at how well you and your employees achieved your objectives.

TOPIC 2. MANAGEMENT LEVELS

Unless a business is very small, there will be several managers with responsibilities for leading the business. Every manager completes all of the management functions and has authority over other people and their work.

Top Management

Executives are top-level managers with responsibilities for the direction and success of the entire business. They set long-term direction and plans. Job titles of executives include chief executive officer, president, chief operating officer, and vice president.

Executives spend most of their time on planning and controlling activities. All other managers report to executives.

Mid-Management

Mid-managers are specialists with responsibilities for specific parts of a company's operations. Examples of mid-management jobs are marketing manager, information technology manager, customer service manager; operations manager, and human resources manager. They take the business plans developed by executives and prepare specific plans for their part of the business. Supervisors

Supervisors are the first level of management in a business. They are responsible for the work of a group of employees. They plan the day-to-day work of the employees they supervise. Supervisors spend most of their time implementing the plans of executives and mid-managers.

Management by Others

Employees who are not managers complete work that seems to be a part of one of the management functions. Employees plan and organize their work. They might take part in hiring and training new employees. They may evaluate the quality of the work they complete. Managers are responsible for the work of others and have authority over those employees. Without that authority and responsibility, the work of an employee is not considered part of management.

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