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Patterns of Comparison
Apart from morphological ways of denoting gradation of quality, there are some sentence patterns in which comparison is expressed.
| MEANING | PATTERN | EXAMPLE |
| P O S I T I V E D E G R E E | ||
| equality | as… as | If a stupid woman marries a smart man she will become as sharp as he is. |
| inequality | not as… as | Her car is not nearly as economical as mine |
| not so… as | She is not so tall as he is. He is not so clever. | |
| twice as… as | A mile is just one and a half times as long as a kilometer. | |
| excess | too + Adj [+ Inf] | The grass is too short [to cut / for me to cut it]. |
| sufficiency | Adj + enough [+ Inf] | He’s rich enough [to own a car / for me to marry him]. |
| C O M P A R A T I V E D E G R E E | ||
| parallel increase/ decrease | the –er… the -er | The more dangerous it is the more I like it. |
| … -er as… | He became more cautious as he grew older. | |
| The less I study the less I know. | ||
| inferiority | less + Adj… than | John is less naughty than his sister |
| superiority | … -er than | She is quieter than he is. |
| twice –er than | This task is twice easier than that one. The tower is 3 times taller than the house. | |
| -er than it is + Adj | The room is longer than it is wide. | |
| the –er of the two Of the two… the -er | Jack is the taller of the two. Of the two boys, John behaves the more politely. | |
| S U P E R L A T I V E D E G R E E | ||
| inferiority | the least… of/… | She is the least tolerant person I’ve ever met. |
| superiority | the –est of/in/ever/ that… | Edward is the youngest of all / in the family / ever elected president / that I’ve ever taught. |
| Of the three… the -est | Of the three boys, Bob behaves the most politely. | |
| the second –est of | Ann is the second oldest ofthe children. |
Note the following patterns introduced by “more of a”, “as much of a”, “less of a”, etc.:
He is more of a sportsman than his father.
It was as much of a success as I expected (it would be).
You are less of a fool than I thought (you were).
He was enough of a man to tell the truth.
He is too much of a coward to go there.
Pay attention to the following set expressions:
a change for the better (for the worse) ― перемена к лучшему (худшему)
so much the better (the worse) ― тем лучше (хуже)
·· none the worse for ― ничуть не хуже от…
if the worst comes to the worst ― в худшем случае
· to go from bad to worse ― становиться все хуже и хуже
· as best as ― в полную меру старания
· at best, at worst ― в лучшем случае, в худшем случае
· none the less ― тем не менее
· in the near future ― в ближайшем будущем
· the younger generation ― молодое поколение
· In the last / past few days / weeks / months / years ― за последние дни / недели / месяцы / годы
· with every passing day / year / month ― с каждым днем / годом / месяцем
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