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Civil cases

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Unit V. Kinds of Cases

 

 

Objectives:

1. To talk about criminal cases

2. To talk about civil cases

3. To talk about the difference between civil and criminal cases.

 

 

Warming up

 

Task I. Check if you know the following:

  Yes No
1. The names of the participants in the civil action.   2. The names of the participants in the criminal action.   3. The documents you must file to start a civil action.   4. The steps that the plaintiff would need to follow in order to sue someone.   5. The stages of the civil trial.   6. The purpose of civil trial.   7. The purpose of criminal trial.    

 

 

Vocabulary notes

 

1. Civil cases – 2. To bring the suit – 3. To sue – 4. To be sued – 5. Plaintiff – 6. Defendant(civil) – 7. To start the lawsuit – 8. A complaint(civil) – 9. The answer – 10. To commit a wrong – 11. A counterclaim – 12. To file a complaint – 13. Burden of proof – 14. Preponderance of evidence – 15. A claim for compensation – 16. To bring a criminal action – 17. Prosecution – 18. Defendant (crim.) – 19. Information – 20. To plead guilty – 21. To plead not guilty – 22. To prove the guilt of the criminal– 23. Beyond reasonable doubt – 24. To be found guilty – 25. Presumption of innocence – гражданские дела подать иск преследовать по суду отвечать в суде истец ответчик возбудить дело исковое заявление возражение ответчика по делу причинить вред встречный иск подать иск бремя доказывания наличие более веских доказательств иск о возмещении убытков возбудить уголовное дело обвинение подсудимый заявление об обвинении признать себя виновным признать себя невиновным доказать вину преступника при отсутствии малейших сомнений признать кого-либо виновным презумпция невиновности  

 


 

Reading

 

Task I. Read the following text. Mind the dictinction between civil and criminal cases.

 

Kinds of Cases

 

There are two kinds of cases: criminal cases and civil cases.

Civil cases

Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done. For example, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to fix a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay the rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they feel is responsible for the injury.

The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff, the party being sued is called the defendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case.

The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. The next paper filed is usually called the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint.

The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the answer.

It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant. In each civil case the judge tells the jury the extent to which the plaintiff must prove the case. This is called the plaintiff’s burden of proof, a burden that the plaintiff must meet in order to win. In most civil cases the plaintiff’s burden is to prove the case by a preponderance of evidence, that is, to prove, that the plaintiff’s version of what happened in the case is more probably true than not true.


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