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Questions (with NO auxiliary verb)

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Unit 4. Matter, Elements and Atoms.

Language Work

Past Simple

Affirmative

I/we/you/they/he/she/it carried out turned off left

For example:

· Alex carried out the experiment yesterday.

· They turned the gas off several hours ago.

 

The past of be (am/is/are) is was/were:

I/he/she/it was/wasn’t
we/you/they were/weren’t

 

was I/he/she/it?
were we/you/they?

 

For example:

· Physics was my favourite subject at school.

· In the 19th and early 20th century electricity wasn’t a part of the everyday life of many people.

· Were you interested in electronics earlier?

· There were a lot of electrical devices in the laboratory.

 

Negative (with the auxiliary verb)

I/we/you/they/he/she/it didn’t carry out turn off leave

For example:

· Alex didn't carry out her instructions precisely.

· The student left the laboratory, but he didn’t turn off the light.

 

Negative (with NO auxiliary verb)

I/we/you/they/he/she/it   could/might   not carry out/ turn off/ leave
I/we/you/they/he/she/it   was/were   not (a) specialist(s)
I/we/you/they/he/she/it   had no/hadn’t or didn’t have time

For example:

· We could not carry out more research.

· I had no time to finish my test.

· You were not a specialist when you studied at the University.

 

Questions (with the auxiliary verb)

did I/we/you/they/he/she/it carry out? turn off? leave?

 

 

For example:

· Did Alex carry out the experiment yesterday?

· Did you turn off the water supply before carrying out repairs?

 

Questions (with NO auxiliary verb)

could/ might     I/we/you/they/he/she/it carry out? turn off? leave?
was/were   I/we/you/they/he/she/it (a) scientist(s)?
had I/we/you/they/he/she/it? a lab class yesterday?

 

For example:

· Could you work under these circumstances?

· Was your grandfather a scientist?

· Had you any problems while testing a new device?

 

Spelling

 

The verb ending Changes Examples
-e only –d is added to measure - measured
-y, preceded by a consonant -y is changed into –i and -ed to apply - applied
a one-syllable verb ends in a single consonant (except c, w, z), preceded by a short vowel the final consonant is doubled and –ed is added to stop – stopped  

Remember: Irregular past tense forms must be memorized because they are not related to simple forms in any predictable way. For example:

leave become make spend → → → → left became made spent · He left the battery on charge an hour ago. · The object became positively charged. · A.Volta made a battery from alternating layers of zink and copper. · Last week Alex spent a lot of time in the laboratory.  

 


1. Fill in the table:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Translation Transcription
electricity          
charge charge       n, v
(in) isolation (from), (U)   isolated     n
development(of), (U)         n
    nuclear   ядро adj
insulator         n
  transmit        
        изобретение  
amount amount to        
  include        
  provide        
shell       оболочка  
    inner      
      particularly   adv
    outer      
    average     adj
power          
  enable (smb/smth to do smth)       v
    flexible      
  transform        
           
phenomenon (sing.) phenomena(pl.)         n

 

2. Read and translate the following international words:

Nouns (n): association, centre, characteristic, colleague, conference, contact, cooperation, fundamentals, international, mass, neutron, orbit, proton, reaction, reactor, specialist, sphere, synthetics, system, technician, theory, university, valency = valence.

Adjectives (adj): characteristic, chemical, electrical, electronic, elementary, experimental, fundamental, official, practical, socialist, theoretical, unique.

Adverbs (adv): experimentally, fundamentally, officially, practically, theoretically.

Verbs (v): cooperate, orbit, theorize, contact.

 

3. What does the ‘-ed’ sound like? If you are not sure, consult the table from Unit 3.

amplified, attracted, described, rectified, employed, obtained, compared, emitted, conducted, occurred, showed, switched, produced, developed, heated, increased, tested, added, charged, explained, limited, insulated, placed.

 

4. Put in the missing words, using the words from the table above:

1. Our laboratory …a new semiconductor device last year.

2. In each atom there is a …, containing a number of protons and a number of neutrons.

3. Each electron has a negative electrical ….

4. Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in … in the 18th century.

5. Wood is an excellent ….

6. Matter is a term that traditionally refers to the … that all objects are made of.

7. The atoms of any … element all have the same … mass.

8. A molecule is the smallest … of a substance that can retain (сохранять) the characteristic properties of that substance.

9. The … shell of any atom is called its valence shell.

10. Electricity is made by converting some form of energy into flowing electrons at the …plant.

11. Transmission grid … power plants and end? uUsers (customers?) to be connected.

12. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at that time … industry and society.

 


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