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Vocabulary

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urgent безотлагательный
poisoned отравленный
water resources водные ресурсы
sewerage сточные воды
to face столкнуться
fresh water supply обеспечение питьевой водой
to take measures принимать меры
to prevent предотвратить
to reduce сократить
to dump сбрасывать
oil spills разливы нефти
agricultural chemicals сельскохозяйственные химические препараты
thermal pollution тепловое загрязнение
to get into попадать в
to cause damage наносить ущерб
to wreck разрушать
water desalination plants опреснительные заводы
affected пораженный чем-то
to clean up очистить
oil slicks нефтяные пятна
natural dispersion естественное рассеивание
to remove удалять
crops yield сбор урожая
to wash away вымывать
coolant охладитель
to migrate переселяться

 

Water pollution is one of the most urgent environmental problems today. Rivers and seas that used to be so beautiful and full of fish are poisoned. About half of the water resources in our country is polluted with industrial or sewerage waste. Some regions have to face the fresh-water supply problem. Fortunately, governments have started taking measures to prevent further water resources pollution and reduce the dumping harmful substances into seas and rivers.

There are several threats to our water resources: oil spills from tanker accidents, oil from other sources, agricultural chemicals, thermal pollution and radioactive pollution.

Oil can get into the sea from many sources and cause much damage. Oil spills kill thousands of seabirds and can wreck water desalination plants and industrial plants drawing their water from affected coast-lines. There are currently only three ways to remove oil slicks: natural dispersion, chemical dispersion, collection. Using natural dispersion we leave oil slicks to disperse and break down naturally. Most of the oil is dispersed this way even when other clean-up methods are used. The best way to clean up water surface is to collect oil. It is removed completely from the environment and can be used again.

Much of water pollution is caused by chemicals, mainly from agriculture. Fertilizers and pesticides are used to increase crops yields all over the world. Very often they are washed away into rivers and seas.

Another kind of pollution is thermal pollution. For many years water has been used as a coolant in industry, especially in power stations. Changes in temperature make fish migrate to the regions where the water is the best for them. Higher temperature can kill any species which can’t move away.

 

 


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