THE PROCESS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

A number of steps (кілька кроків) must be taken to fight fires. The first step is to create the plan of attack. It can be done by locating the fire and determining its extent. Generally speaking, the longer it takes to find fire, the longer it will take to put it out. Good communication becomes very important here. It is necessary to determine which unit must arrive the first at the fire scene and where it must be located.

The second step is to apply the plan of action as quickly, efficiently and safely as possible. The firefighter takes his skills, knowledge and abilities to mitigate the fire. Three methods of fire attack are possible here: the direct attack, the indirect attack, and the combination attack.

The direct attack puts water into the seat of fire. In this case water is used as a fire extinguishing substance on free-burning fires. A straight stream of water is applied in short bursts directly into the burning materials until the fire is extinguished. If used indoors, the thermal balance of the room may still hold, giving the firefighting team a clear view of the fire.

The indirect attack is usually utilized when the firefighting team can not see the seat of fire. The fog stream is applied in this case. Directing the stream into the superheated air above the fire causes the water to boil or vapourize and the fire dies. This method if used indoors will usually greatly disturb the thermal balance, causing the loss of visibility as heat and products of combustion are circulated downward.

The combination attack is a blend of both direct and indirect methods. This method puts the fire out and stops the flashover. In each of these methods of applying water, firefighters must remember that the goal of the fire department is to save property. If not enough water is used, extinguishment will not take place. If too much water is used, then the damage done by this fire extinguishing substance may exceed the damage done by fire.

to mitigate угамувати, пом’якшити, зменшити

direct attack подача вогнегасних речовин безпосередньо на

вогонь

indirect attack подача вогнегасних речовин на прихований

to direct спрямовувати вогонь

directly безпосередньо

seat of fire зона найбільшого розвитку пожежі в будівлі

free-burning fire відкрите полум’я

straight stream суцільний струмінь вогнегасної речовини

burst of water викид води

indoors / outdoors в приміщенні / назовні

to disturb thermal balance порушувати теплову рівновагу

to hold тримати

to utilize використовувати

fog stream туманоподібний струмінь вогнегасної речовини

to boil кипіти

loss of visibility втрата видимості

to be circulated поширюватися, циркулювати

downward похилий, той, що спускається вниз

blend поєднання, суміш

flashover повне охоплення приміщення полум’ям

to exceed перевищувати, перебільшувати

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