Прочтите предложения. Сравните их. Укажите, в каких предложениях инфинитив выполняет функцию обстоятельства и при переводе появится союз «чтобы»?

1. You must use such device to produce output in a human-readable format.

2. To produce output in a human-readable format was our aim.

3. To produce output in a human-readable format you must use such device as a printer.

4. A printer is a device to produce output in a human-readable format.

1.2. Прочтите предложения, найдите в них инфинитивы в функции обстоятельства и переведите предложения:

а)

1. To understand how to use a computer one must fully appreciate its design.

2. Processing is operations on data to convert them into useful information.

3. Computers were designed to perform thousands of computations per second.

4. To make computers more reliable transistors were used. They were applied to reduce computational time.

5. To integrate large numbers of circuit elements into a small chip, transistors should be reduced in size.

6. To use integrated circuit technology new computers were built.

7. Analytical engine was invented to store data.

8. Disk drives are used to read and write data on disks.

b)

1. I had to borrow money from the bank in order to set up the business.

2. In order to demonstrate the effect Table 1 is given.

3. To perform this work one must have all the necessary equipment.

4. Data are processed to become useful information.

5. Should BT or AT&T provide home TV services to replace their declining telephony revenues?

6. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) will tag all goods to make them identifiable at all times throughout the supply chain.

7. Cleverbox is struggling to integrate with your own HR, Sales and Procurement application due to different data formats.

c)

1. Bus fares in the city are being cut so as to encourage people to use public transport.

2. Input devices are used to enter data into primary storage.

3. As a scanner, the Sigma 100 can be used to enter photographs as well as documents into a computer.

4. Instead of a mouse, they have a touchpad built into the keyboard – a sensitive pad that you can touch to move the pointer on the screen.

5. It is designed to be placed on your desk.

6. A laser printer uses a laser beam to fix the ink to the paper.

7. In order to avoid complex calculations in bytes, we use bigger units.

8. Enter is pressed to select options from a menu or to start a new paragraph.

9. It is important for the model to be accurate but simple enough.

10. We need more traffic cameras so as to reduce crimes.

11. Different applications of digital technologies were used lest there be carbon emissions.

Герундий в функции обстоятельства.

Герундий имеет следующие формы:

Таблица 2.

Таблица 3. Особенности перевода герундия в функции обстоятельства.

2.1. Прочтите предложения, найдите в них герундий в функции обстоятельства и переведите предложения:

1. By working hard, she passed her maths exam.

2. In explaining his project he forgot one point.

3. We keep data and programs in memory systems where they are available for processing.

4. We use the term data processing to include the resources applied for processing of information.

5. They can be used as mobile phones or as personal organizers for storing notes, reminders and addresses.

6. Accelerate your digital lifestyle by choosing a Pentium at 4.3 GHz.

7. An ink-jet (or bubble-jet) printer generates an image by spraying tiny, precise drops of ink onto the paper.

8. Upon switching off the current the pressure dropped.

9. I can’t go to this place without having prepared my calculations first.

2.2. Обратите внимание на структуру и перевод герундиальных оборотов:

Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения с герундиальным оборотом:

1. Excuse my interrupting you.

2. Excuse my having interrupted you.

3. We thought of their improving methods of production.

4. We have never heard of his having belonged to this scientific society.

5. I hate the idea of your wasting your time.

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