Вопросительная форма

Is there a park in this part of the city? Are there any industrial enterprises in this city? Was there any new building at this place? Will there be any bus routes here? Отрицательная форма

There is no park in this part of the city. There are no industrial enterprises here. There was no old building here. There will be no park here.

Перевод предложений с оборотом there is (are) следует начинать с обстоятельства.

There are many higher schools in our town.

В нашем городе много вузов.

There were many wooden houses in this street.

На этой улице было много деревянных домов.

There will be about 100 persons at the conference.

На конференции будет около 100 человек.

Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. There are some interesting articles on this problem in this issue (выпуск). 2. There is great ac­tivity among young research workers of our university. 3. There are students of different departments in the scientific society of the university. 4. There are many interesting robots at the exhibition of stu­dents works. 5. There are many people at popular lectures organized by the Komsomol Committee. Составьте предложения с оборотом there is, there are, добавив обстоятельства

A) в настоящем времени.

Образец: There is a language laboratory at our university.

There are many laboratories in the building

(a computing center, a good dining room, a big library, many books about scientists, classroom, many pictures, drawing halls)

Б) в прошедшем времени.

Образец: There were some students in this classroom.

There was a car near the building.

(a small garden, an old building, old equipment, only wooden houses, bus - stop)

в) в будущем времени.

Образец; There will be a new park at this place.

(a big stadium, metro, a conference in April, diagrams, computers)

г) с отрицанием no (not any ).

Образец: There is no English class today.

There were no classes yesterday.

(meeting today, concert at our club, students in the lecture - room, dance to - night, devices on the shelf)

Задайте вопросы, содержащие оборот there is (are). Дайте краткие ответы. Работайте в парах.

Вопросы: Is there a...?

Are there (any)...?

How many... s are there?

Ответы: Yes, there is (are).

No, there isn't (aren't).

There are many (some)... s.

(a telephone in your apartment, a TV - set in your room, a machine - building faculty at the uni­versity, museum, stadium, plants and factories in our city, foreign students in your group, cinema in your street)

Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, употребляя оборот there is (are) в нужном времени:

1. В нашем университете много факультетов. 2. На факультете имеются отделения. 3. В России много учебных заведений. 4. Есть ли в Омске университет? 5. Какие фа­культеты есть в Омском университете? 6. На моем столе была книга. 7. Есть ли стулья в той комнате? 8. В вашей работе много ошибок. 9. На этой улице будет новый кинотеатр. 10. Здесь были старые деревья.

Continuous Tenses

Информация 6:

Глагол в форме Continuou s (продолженного вида) представляет действие как процесс и употребляется для выражения продолжающегося незаконченного, длящегося действия, проис­ходящего в какой - либо момент в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем.

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, ли­це, числе и Participle I (форма на - ing) смыслового глагола (to be +... ing)

Спряжение глагола to read в Continuous

	Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
Present	I am You We are reading They She He is It	Am I you Are we reading they he Is she it	I am not You We are not reading They She We is not It
Past	I He She was It reading We You were They	I he Was she it reading we Were you they	I He She was not It reading We You were not They
Future	I shell be We You They reading He will be She It	Shall I we you they be reading Will he she it	I We shall You They not be reading He will She It

Прочитайте текст, укажите все случаи употребления Continuous Tenses.

I was slowly walking along the street when I met Peter an old friend of mine. “What, Nick? Where are you going?" asked Peter. "I really don't know where I am walking". I replied, shaking hands with Peter. "I was reading for the seminar on philosophy for 3 hours and now I am so tired that I am simply having my rest. Will you join me?" Peter had some free time and was glad to have a talk with me and we went along the street together.

Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную форму.

1. The man is waiting for you. 2. The people are hurrying to the stadium to see the football match. 3. We were making an experiment in the laboratory for two hours. 4. The motor was working without troubles all the day. 5. Two boys were sitting on the bench and (were) talking.

Употребите глагол - сказуемое в форме Present Continuous или Present Indefinite.

1. Hallo, Peter! What (to do) you now? 2.Oh! Hallo, Nick. I (to read) a very interesting book. 3. Let's (to go) to the cinema. 4. I (to wait) for Victor near the cinema. 5. He (to have) an extra ticket. 6. We usually (to take) my sister Ann with us, but now she (to read) for a seminar. And she (not to like) the films about war.

Дайте ответы на вопросы, используя глаголы в скобках.

What are you (they) now

What is she (he) going

What were you (they) yesterday

What was she (he) in the evening

(to take a rest, to read a newspaper, to write a letter to the friend, to listen to the radio, to watch TV, to learn new English words, to have an English class)

Переведите на английский язык.

1. По вечерам я читаю газету. Вчера в 5 часов я читал газету.

2. В воскресенье мы обычно работаем в саду. Вчера мы работали в саду после обеда.

3. Обычно я смотрю телевизионные передачи для молодежи. Ребята сейчас смотрят пере­дачу для молодежи.

4. У нас занятия по английскому языку всегда в аудитории 401. Сейчас аудитории 401 занятия по английскому языку у другой группы.

5. Что вы делаете по субботам? Что вы делаете в субботу вечером?

Perfect Tenses

Информация 7

Глагол в Present Perfect обозначает действие, предшествовавшее моменту речи в настоя­щем и связанного с этим моментом каким - то результатом (появление нового лица, предмета, создание новой ситуации, приобретения опыта и т. д.).

Образуется to have + Participle II

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I You have done it We They He She has done it It	you Have we done it they she Has he done it it	I You We have not done it They He She has not done it It

Present Perfect употребляется с обстоятельствами

to day, this week (month, year), just, already, yet, lately, since.

Present Perfect не употребляется с обстоятельствами точного времени в прошлом (вчера, на прошлой недели, в 1970 и т. д.).

Present Perfect не употребляется для выражения ряда последовательных действий, сле­дующих одно за другим: Не entered the room, sat down and started working.

Глагол Present Perfect переводится на русский язык глаголом прошедшего времени со­вершенного вида, а если действие еще не закончилось, то глаголом в настоящем времени.

I have finished my work. Я закончил свою работу.

I have known them since 1980. Я знаю их с 1980 года.

I. Образуйте перфектный инфинитив следующих глаголов:

A. Модель: to prepare - to have prepared

(to open, to visit, to translate, to study, to produce, to look, to increase)

B. Модель: to meet - to have met

(to read, to write, to see, to come, to give, to go, to get, to find, to lose, to leave, to break, to bring, to make)

II. Постройте 10 предложений в Present Perfect, используя глаголы задания I.

Модель: Не has visited his friend. We have lost your note - book.

III. Переведите предложения.

1. What's the time? - Sorry, I have left my watch at home.

2. I don't see my dictionary on the table. Who has taken it?

3. Where are the students? They have just left for the library.

4. Have you heard the news about the work of the expeditions? No, we haven't yet seen the members of the expedition.

5. My sister has always helped me with my English.

6. We have read a lot of English books.

IV. Поставьте следующие предложения: в вопросительную форму (а), в отрицательную форму (б).

а) 1. You have taken my note - book. 2. Your sister has passed her English examination. 3. Her brother has entered the Moscow University. 4. The teacher has just left the class - room. 5. The stu­dents have just translated the text.

б) 1. Our dean has come from Moscow (yet). 2. We have written a letter to our friends in the GDR. 3. My friend has changed since I saw him last. 4. She has spoken the meeting today. 5.1 have done my home - work. 6. We have met them (since 1980). 7.1 have studied French (never).

V. Постройте предложения по образцам, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.1 have seen him today.

(to meet him - lately; to go to the cinema - this week; to go to the country - this month; to read many English books - this summer; to speak about him - today)

2.1 haven't seen him since 1980.

(to speak with my friend - since last Sunday; to go to the theatre - since last month; to ski - since last winter; to translate from Russian into English - since I left school; to dance - since summer)

3. Have you ever been to London? I have never been to London.

(to Now York, to Paris; to Moscow; to Vladivostok; to Odessa...)

4. Who has taken my book?

(to break the glass; to leave the note - book on the table; to take my pencil; to turn on the light; to take part in the conference; to see the new film, to bring the letter)

5. Why haven't you done it?

(to study the material; to learn these rules; to put it in its place; to close the door; to open the window, to switch of the light; to measure the temperature; to connect the elements of the circuit)

Past Perfect

Информация 8:

Глагол в Past Perfect обозначает действие, законченное к определенному моменту в про­шлом или до начала другого действия. Этот момент может быть выражен обстоятельством вре­мени с предлогом by (к) или другим действием, выраженным глаголом в Past Indefinite.

Образуется had + Participle II

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I You He She had finished It it by 5 o’clock We They	you he finished Had she The work it When we they came?	I You We had not They finished it He by 5 o’clock She It

На русский язык глагол в Past Perfect переводится глаголом прошедшего времени совер­шенного вида (сделал, закончил, пришел, принес).

Не had finished his work by the time you came.

Он окончил свою работу к тому времени, когда он пришел.

I. Переведите предложения. Объясните употребление Past Perfect.

1. You had studied English before you entered the institute. 2. They had arrived at the station by 6 o'clock. 3. Peter had passed all his entrance examinations by the end of August. 4. The teacher had given the students their homework before the bell rang. 5. Ann had translated a number of English ar­ticles on this problem before she could write a report. 6. When we came, Peter had looked through all the rules. 7. By 7 o'clock all the participants of the conference had gathered in a large hall. 8. How many pages had you read by the lesson? 9. You had finished the work by that time yesterday, hadn't you? 10. He had published a number of articles by the time he defended his thesis?

II. Переведите синтаксический разбор следующих предложений и поставьте вопросы к выде­ленным словам.

1. The students went home after they had finished their work.

2. The lectures had begun by the time I entered the room.

3. By the time we left school we had finished learning Russian literature.

Future Perfect

Информация 9:

Глагол в Future Perfect обозначает действие, которое завершится к определенному мо­менту в будущем или до начала другого действия. Этот момент может быть выражен обстоя­тельством времени с предлогом by (к) или другим действием, выраженным в форме Present In­definite.

I (we) shall have passed all the examination by the end of August. Я (мы) сдадим все экзамены к концу августа. Не (she, they, you) will have passed the exams by the end of August. Он (она, они, вы) сдадут экзамены к концу августа.

I. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. We shall have solved all the problems before they come.

2. By the end of the next century people, we hope, will have solved the problems of interplanetary travel.

3. Scientists will have made a number of wonderful discoveries.

4. By the time you graduate from the institute you will have acquired knowledge both in general educational subjects and in special ones.

5. We shall have finished our work before you come.

6. We all shall have become engineers by 2000.

Sequence of Tenses (согласование времен)

Информация 10:

В английском языке в дополнительном предложении время глагола зависит от времени глагола главного предложения.

Если сказуемое предложения стоит в прошедшем времени, то глагол придаточного пред­ложения стоит в одном из прошедших времен.

1. Если действие придаточного предложения происходит одновременно с действием глав­ного, то сказуемое придаточного предложения стоит в Past Indefinite (Continuous) и перево­дится на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени.

She said (that) she worked at the plant.

Она сказала, что работает на заводе.

She said (that) she was writing a latter.

Она сказала, что пишет письмо.

2. Если действие придаточного предложения предшествовало действию главного, то гла­гол - сказуемое придаточного предложения стоит в Past Perfect и переводится на русский язык в прошедшем времени.

She said (that) he had worked at the factory.

Она сказала, что работает на заводе.

3. Если действие придаточного предложения последует за действием главного, т. е. со­вершится в будущем, то сказуемое этого предложения стоит в Future - in - the Past should (would) с инфинитивом смыслового глагола без частицы to.

Не was sure we should come.

Он был уверен, что мы придем.

I didn't know they would do it.

Я не знал, что они сделают это.

I. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Не said it was the very (тот самый) man he was looking for.

2. I was sure that he would not find out about our trouble.

3. We have not yet decided who would take part in the conference.

4. Hellen was not sure that she would be able to come soon.

5. Nobody knew that he had published a number of articles.

6. The teacher said that we needed a special dictionary for this translation.

II. Употребите глаголы в соответствующей форме в следующих предложениях.

1. I thought that you (to arrive) at some decision. 2. He believed that a fine memory (to be) abso­lutely necessary for that work. 3. They said they (to work) 7 hours a day. 4. He promised that he (to deliver) a lecture in near future. 5. We didn't know that he (to came) late at night. 6. They decided they (to go) to Leningrad next month.

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