School Education

School Education in Britain is rather complicated. It’s so because has grown out of many different organized courses, trying to satisfy men requirements.

Though Cathedral schools appeared as early as the 7^th century, the real point of British system education is not the establishment of schools but the rise of the universities like Oxford and Cambridge.

Oxford is mentioned as long ago as 1168 as a place to teach students gathered to teach.

The first mention of Cambridge was when a number of Oxford students removed there in 1209. There founded of a large number of colleges at Ox and Cam. The next step was taken in 1382 when a first grammar school was founded at Westminster to act as a port (канал) to college the Ox.

In 1440 Henry the 6^th founded Eton College at Windsor.

In 16^th and 17^th centuries the foundation if numerous grammar schools in three ports of England but it wasn’t the beginning of national education. They were intended to supply the university with good Latinists and the state of church with learned people.

At the beginning of 19^th the national interest in education took the form of voluntary (бесплатный, произвольный) effort. There were a number of institutions which established Day Schools, Sunday Schools, Ragged Schools (для бедных) and Orphan Schools. By the Education Act of 1870 a state system was established to fill in the gaps by the voluntary system.

In districts schools boards were set up, so as to provide schools at the local expense (расход). They were known as Board Schools (ведение школьного комитета). They existed up to 1902. It may be said that after 18^th England had a national system of elementary education.

Attendant was made compulsory (обязательное) education in 1880. The Education Act of 1902 is the cornerstone (основа) of the state education in England and Wales. It abolished the Board Schools and set the Local Education Authority (LEAs) (Местные органы народного образования). This Act encouraged the LEAs to supply education other than elementary, secondary, modern and technical schools and freed (освободить) the voluntary schools from their financial troubles, requiring to finance them partly. As a result elementary education became a single system. Compulsory and free or charge then followed the Act of 1944 about compulsory and free education for children aged 5 to 15. It provided free stages of education: Primary or elementary (основное или простое), Secondary and further (средние и высшие).

The Act of 1972 provided a ten years education program setting the schools leaving age 16. Before 1936 it was 14 and after 1936 – 15 up to 1972.

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