THE BALANCE SHEET

1. The balance sheet shows what a company owns (its assets) and the sources of financing these assets and operating activities by shareholders (equity) and by borrowing (liabilities). It is a “snapshot” of the company’s financial position at a specified time. As a rule, the balance sheet consists of three major sections: assets, liabilities and equity.

2. It should be said that these three sections are arranged differently from country to country. In the USA and many European countries, the assets appear on the left-hand side of the page and the liabilities on the right. In Britain these sections are arranged vertically.

3. The assets of a company are often divided into two categories: current assets and non-current assets. These categories are listed in the order of their presumed liquidity (the ease with which an asset can be converted into cash). Current assets are more liquid than non-current assets.

4. Current assets can be defined in the following way: cash or other assets that are reasonably expected to be realized in cash or sold during a normal operating cycle of a business or within one year if the operating cycle is shorter than one year. Cash is obviously a current asset. Temporary investments, accounts and notes receivable, and inventory are also current assets because they may be converted to cash within the next year or during the normal operating cycle of most firms. Prepaid expenses such as rent and insurance paid for in advance, and inventories of various supplies bought for use rather than for sale should be classified as current assets. To make a long story short, current assets are a list of all the assets owned by the business which has a life expectancy of less than one year. For example, inventories (stock of goods), trade and other receivables, prepayments, cash, etc. are also current assets.

5. Non-current assets include: property, plant and equipment, fixed assets normally stated at net book value (cost of purchase less accumulated depreciation). The assets which are expected to remain in the balance sheet more than one year fall into non-current assets category two.

6. Liabilities are made up of mortgages, payable long-term notes, bonds payable, employee pensions, long-term and current obligations. They are also split into current and non-current (long-term) liabilities. Current liabilities usually consist of overdrafts, taxes due, but not yet paid, and goods supplied on credit. Non-current or long-term liabilities comprise debts of a business that fall due more than one year ahead, beyond the normal operating cycle, or are to be paid out of non-current assets.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Актив — 1) часть бухгалтерского баланса (левая сторона), отражающая состав и стоимость имущества организации на определённую дату. 2) Совокупность имущества, принадлежащего юридическому лицу или предпринимателю.

Пассив в бухгалтерии - противоположная активу часть бухгалтерского баланса (правая сторона), - совокупность всех обязательств (источников формирования средств) предприятия. Содержит собственный капитал - уставный и акционерный, а также заёмный капитал (кредиты, займы), сгруппированные по составу и срокам погашения.

Ликви́дность (от лат. liquidus - жидкий, перетекающий) - экономический термин, обозначающий способность активов быть быстро проданными по цене, близкой к рыночной. Ликвидный — обращаемый в деньги.

7. Owner’s equity can be defined as the resources invested by the business. To put it differently, “owner’s equity = assets – liabilities”. It should be noted that the owner’s equity section of the balance sheet will be different depending on whether the business is a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation. The owner’s equity section of a corporation is called stockholders’ equity and has two parts: contributed or paid-in and earned capital or retained earnings.

Поиск по сайту: