Grammar Study. Согласование времён (Sequence of Tenses)

Согласование времён (Sequence of Tenses)

Сдвиг времен в придаточном дополнительном при главном предложении в прошедшем времени
Present Indefinite → Past Indefinite Present Continuous → Past Continuous	Действие придаточного предложения происходит одновременно с действием главного.
Present Perfect Past Past Indefinite Perfect	Действие придаточного предложения предшествует действию главного.
Future → Future-in-the Past	Действие придаточного предложения совершается позже действия главного.
Употребляя простые предложения в роли придаточных дополнительных при главном предложении в прошедшем времени, сдвигайте времена, как указано в таблице:
Sequence of Tenses
He lives in New York. I thought that he lived in New York	Одновременное действие
Mother is sleeping. I knew that mother was sleeping.	Одновременное действие
He has returned from London. I was told that he had returned from London.	Предшествующее действие
He bought a new car. I heard that he had bought a new car.	Предшествующее действие
He will send us a letter. I supposed that he would send us a letter.	Последующее действие

Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect Speech)

I. Translate into Russian.

1. I knew that you were ill. 2. I knew that you had been ill. 3. We found that she left home at eight o’clock every morning. 4. We found that she had left home at eight o’clock that morning. 5. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 6. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased. 7. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 8. We did not know where our friends had gone. 9. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 10. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 11. I didn’t know that you worked at the Hermitage. 12. I didn’t know that you had worked at the Hermitage.

II. Convert the following sentences info the past tense.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing. 7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took many photographs while traveling in the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

III. Convert the following sentences info the indirect speech.

1. “My friend lives in Moscow”, said Alec. 2. “You have not done your work well”, said the teacher to me. 3. The poor man said to the rich man: “My horse is wild. It can kill your horse.” 4. The rich man said to the judge: “This man’s horse has killed my horse.” 5. “ This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman. 6. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” said my classmate to me. 7. The teacher said to the class: “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.” 8. The woman said to her son: “I am glad I am here.” 9. Mike said: “We have bought these books today.” 10. She said to me: “Now I can read your translation.” 11. Our teacher said: “Thackeray’s novels are very interesting.” 12. She said: “You will read this book in a year.” 13. Nellie said: “I read “Jane Eyre” last year.”

IV. Convert the following special questions into the indirect speech.

1. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?” 2. I said to him: “How long will it take you to get there?” 3. Pete said to his friends: “When are you leaving St. Petersburg?” 4. He said: “Who will you see before you leave here?” 5. They said to him: “What time does the train start?” 6. Ann said to Mike: “ When did you leave London?” 7. She said to Boris: “ When will you be back home?”

8. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?” 9. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?” 10. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?” 11. She asked me: “What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?” 12. I asked Mike: “What will you do after dinner?” 13. I asked my uncle: “How long did you stay in the Crimea?” 14. Ada said to me: “Where did you see such trees?” 15. I said to Becky: “What kind of book has your friend brought you?” 16. Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” 17. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?”

V. Convert the following general questions into the indirect speech.

1.I said to Boris: “ Does your friend live in London?” 2. I said to the man: “Are you living in a hotel?” 3. Nick said to his friend: “Will you stay at the “Hilton”?” 4. He said to me: “Do you often go to see your friends?” 5. He said to me: “Will you see your friends before you leave St. Petersburg?” 6. Mike said to Jane: “ Will you come to the railway station to see me off?” 7. She said to me: “ Have you sent them a telegram?” 8. She said to me: “Did you send them a telegram yesterday?” 9. I said to Mike: “ Have you packed your suit-case?” 10. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 11. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 12. I asked Tom: “ Have you had breakfast?” 13. I asked my sister: “ Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 14. I said to my mother: “Did anybody come to see me?” 15. I asked my sister: “ Will Nick call for you on the way to school?” 16. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?” 17. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 18. Oleg said to me: “Will you come here tomorrow?” 19. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?”

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