Places of interest and entertainment

sightseeing places, sights

historical places, historic places

monument, memorial

botanical garden, park, amusement park,

dancing hall, disco / discotheque, night club

Rentals

rental agency; car rental, video rental

real estate agency, house rental, apartment rental

Beauty shops

hair salon / hairdresser’s, barber shop

beauty parlour / beauty salon / beauty shop

massage parlour

Services and repair

laundry, laundromat, dry cleaner’s

automobile repair shop / auto repair shop / car repair shop / garage

bicycle repair shop, computer repair workshop

locksmith’s shop, home repair shop

Sports facilities

health club, fitness centre, gym

tennis club, golf club, country club

playground, sports ground, basketball ground, tennis court, golf course

skating rink, boxing ring, wrestling ring

football field, stadium, sports arena

racetrack, racecourse

Educational facilities

kindergarten, nursery school, elementary school, high school

college, university, academy

business school, vocational school, music school, medical school, law school

Banks

bank, ATM (automatic teller machine), cash machine; currency exchange

Health facilities

hospital, clinic, polyclinic, health centre

hospital clinic, outpatient clinic / outpatients’ department

dental clinic / the dentist’s

ambulatory surgical centre

surgery (department), cardiology (department)

waiting room, consulting room, emergency room, operating room, hospital ward

the ambulance

Other places

police / police department; prison / jail; fire department; post office

Vocabulary Exercises

Exercise 1

Where should we go if:

… our car is broken;

… we have a toothache;

… we want to cross the road;

… we want to withdraw some money;

… we want to see the animals;

… we want to go abroad;

… we want to play tennis;

…we want to dance;

… we want to pray;

… we are not healthy.

Exercise 2

Make up as many word combinations as possible with the following words:

Shop, store, building, road, ring, room, school, club, ground, market, fair, way.

Exercise 3

Match the words from two columns to make up word combinations:

art

skating

parking

bus

beauty

railway

concert

shopping

rink

salon

hall

gallery

stop

meter

station

mall

THE 'PRIVILEGE' OF LIVING IN A CITY

«Avoid the rush hour» must be a slogan of large cities the world over. If it is, it's a slogan no one takes the least notice of. Twice a day, with predictable regularity, the pot boils over. Wherever you look there are people, people, people. The trains, which leave or arrive every few minutes, are packed: an endless procession of human sardine tins. The streets are so crowded there is hardly room to move on the pavements. The queues for buses reach staggering proportions. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill. Even when a bus does at least arrive, it is so full, it cannot take any more passen­gers. This whole crazy system of commuting stretches man's resources to the utmost. The smallest unforeseen event can bring about conditions of utter chaos. A power cut, for instance, exceptionally heavy snowfall or a minor derailment must always make city-dwellers realize how precarious the balance is. The extraordinary thing is not that people put up with these conditions, but that they actually choose them in preference to anything else.

Large modern cities are too big to control. They impose their own living conditions on the people who inhabit them. City-dwellers are obliged by their environment to adopt a wholly unnatural way of life. They lose touch with the land and the rhythm of nature. It is possible to live such an air-conditioned existence in a large city that you are barely conscious of the seasons. A few flowers in a public park may remind you that it is spring or summer. All the simple, good thing of life like the sunshine and fresh air are at a premium. Tall building block out the sun, traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere. The funny thing about it all is that you pay dearly for the «privilege» of living in a city. The demand for accommodation is so great, that it is often impossible for ordinary people to buy a residence of their own. Exorbitant rents must be paid for tiny flats, which even country hens would disdain to live in. Accommodation apart the cost of living is very high. Just about everything you buy is like more expensively that it would be in the country.

In addition to all this, city-dwellers live under constant threat. The crime rate in most cities is very high. Houses are burgled with alarming frequency. Cities breed crime and violence and are full if places you would be afraid to visit at night. If you think about it, they're not really fit to live in at all. Can anyone really doubt that the country is what man was born for and where he truly belongs?

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

быть переполненным, двигаться по тротуарам, очередь, пассажиры, полный хаос, горожане, населять, выхлопные газы, спрос на жилье, крошечные квартиры, жить под постоянной угрозой, уровень преступности.

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences:

1. … must be a slogan of large cities the world over.

2. Wherever you look there are …

3. The streets are so crowded there is …

4. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because …

5. The funny thing about it all is that …

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1. What is the main slogan of large cities all over the world?

2. What can you tell about public transport in large cities?

3. Is it easy to livein large cities? Why?

4. The cost of living is very high in the city, isn’t it?

5. Why do city-dwellers live under constant stress?

KILLING THE GOOSE

Tourism has grown so quickly during the last quarter of a century that it has become a problem in both industrialised and developing nations. And it is only during the 1980s that the problems of poor, or non-existent planning have been seen and tackled. In short the problem is this: tourism as it developed in the sixties and seventies is self-destructive. It destroys the very things tourists come for. It is a classic case of killing the goose that lays the golden egg.

In Europe the damage is largely environmental: polluted beaches and lakes, erosion of mountain paths, traffic jams, air pollution and unsympathetic architecture. But there has also been a negative impact on the cultural and social life of communities. Some of the best-known and obviously visible examples are certain Mediterranean resorts. Previously quiet fishing villages have been overrun with poorly planned and shoddily built hotels and apartment blocks, which are now just twenty years later - no longer acceptable or fashionable. The life-style of the locals has changed beyond recognition, and although many are richer, they are not necessarily happier as a result.

Environmental damage caused by tourism manifests itself in many different ways. Skiing, now a major winter sport in Europe, is causing many problems in the Alps. Hundreds of square kilometres of forest have been destroyed to make way for ski pistes, cable cars, buildings and access roads. Pollution of the Mediterranean caused at least partly but untreated sewage from tourist developments, makes it a potential health hazard in some areas. This undermines the very notion of a beach holiday and in Hungary, tourism and industrial development around the shores of Lake Balaton have rendered the lake biologically dead. Fishing is one activity no longer on the tourist agenda.

The potential for damage in the Third World is infinitely greater than that in the industrialised nations. Environmental issues are really high on the lists of Third World governments, many of which have viewed tourism as a panacea for economic ills - often with disastrous results.

Tourism seems on the face of it to be a big earner of foreign currency, but the effective economic gains by the host nations are usually rather less than might be expected. This is particularly true of mass package organised from industrialised countries. Valuable foreign exchange is lost by importing foreign foods, drinks and other luxury goods. This ”leakage“ of foreign exchange is very difficult to quantify but can mean that the host nation ends up with practically no gain. An analysis of 1980 data by the World Bank showed that on average only 9.1 per cent of all gross foreign exchange earnings were retained in the host country when typical ”leakage“ was taken into account.

It is the change in traditional lifestyles that alarms many anthropologists. Even small-scale development of tourism in some societies can have an adverse effect on local population. The young are keen to adopt the ”Coca-cola culture“, and leave behind their rural homes and traditional lifestyle. Yet it is often these traditional lifestyles, arts, crafts, and culture which tourists come to see.

In some cases tourism can help a country rediscover and focus on its own heritage, and can revitalise Indigenous arts and crafts by providing new markets. But ”culture“ in this sense becomes divorced from its true role as part of everyday life. And it's worst, it can become fossilised and adapted to suit the needs of tourists.

Tourists generally learn very little about what real everyday life is like.

Exercise 1

Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and expressions:

уничтожить источник своего же богатства, загрязненные пляжи и озера, размывание (разрушение) горных тропинок, дорожные пробки, негативное влияние, катастрофические результаты, возрождать местные ремесла, оказывать неблагоприятное воздействие.

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences:

1. Tourism has grown so quickly that has become a problem in ….

2. In short the problem is this: ….

3. In Europe the damage is largely environmental: ….

4. Tourism seems on the face of it to be ….

5. The young are keen to…

6. In some cases tourism can help a country …

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1. Is tourism popular nowadays?

2. What does the expression ”killing the goose“ mean?

3. What negative effects does tourism have on the environment?

4. What alarms many anthropologists?

5. Is tourism a problem of developed and developing countries? Why? Do you see any way out?

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