Case of bronchitis

Microorganisms

All the existing microorganisms can be divided into two main groups — aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic microorganisms must have atmospheric free oxygen for their life and growth. However one knows that free oxygen is not favourable for the development of anaerobic microorganisms.

Bacteria vary in shape and according to this feature they are divided into some groups. Spherical bacteria have been called cocci. They are also subdivided into several groups. Rod-shaped (палочковидные) bacteria are called bacilli.

When bacteria multiply they divide. The growing organism increases in size up to a certain limit and in due time divides. The process of division depends on the conditions of the environment.

Any minute [mai'nju:t] (мельчайший) virulent microorganisms may invade the human body. But due to the local protective agents of the human organism they are destroyed. In this case no disease occurs.

However the local protective agents of the human organism are not always able to destroy completely the invading microorganisms. It is known that in such a case a local or general infection may occur.

Polyclinics

A wide network of medical institutions to protect the health of our people. One of such medical institutions is the polyclinic.

If a person falls ill he will ring up his local polyclinic and call in a doctor. When his condition isn't very poor and he has no temperature he will go to the local polyclinic and a physician will examine him there.

Many specialistsa including therapeutists, neurologists, surgeons and others work at the polyclinic. During the medical examination a physician usually asks his patient what he complains of and according to the complaints carries on the medical examination. A physician listens to the patient's heart and lungs and measures his blood pressure and if necessary asks the patient to take his temperature. The laboratory findings which include blood analysis, the analysis of urine and other tests help a physician to make a correct diagnosis and administer a proper treatment. In addition to their consulting hours at the polyclinic local physicians go out to the calls, to examine those patients who are seriously ill and whose condition is bad. Such sick persons receive a sick-leave. They usually follow a bed regimen.

Any physician of the polyclinic knows his patients very well because he treats only a definite number of patients At the local polyclinic every patient has his personal patient's card, which is filled in by his physician. Everything about the patient - the diagnosis of the disease, the administrations made by the doctor, the course of the disease, the changes in the patient's condition after the treatment - is written down in the card. If it is necessary a nurse will come to the patient's house to give him the administered injections or carry out any of the doctor's administrations.

Case of bronchitis

Patient Smirnov called in a physician from the local polyclinic. He could not go to the polyclinic himself because his temperature was about 38. In a few hours doctor Belova, a good therapeutist, came to the call.

Doctor Belova wanted to know the patients complaints. When the patient was being asked by the physician on his condition he said that a short, painful dry cough associated with rapid respiration had developed two days before. In addition to that the patient complained of the pain both in the throat and behind the breastbone.

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