TEXT 1. THE ROLE OF AIR TRANSPORT IN GENERAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Unit 1. AVIATION IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Exercise 1. Memorize the active vocabulary to text 1.

Exercise 2. Read and translate text 1 using the vocabulary.

TEXT 1. THE ROLE OF AIR TRANSPORT IN GENERAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

The air transport industry includes those activities that are directly dependent on transporting people and goods by air. This includes:

a) the aviation sector – airports, airlines, general aviation, air navigation service providers and those activities directly serving passengers or providing airfreight services;

b) the civil aerospace sector, which comprises the manufacture and maintenance of aircraft systems, frames and engines.

Together, these two sectors provide a measure of the total industry, which is termed the air transport industry.

Air transport is one of the world’s most important industries. Its development and its technical and service achievements make it one of the greatest contributors to the advancement of modern society. Since the first jet airliner flew in 1949, use of commercial aviation has grown more than seventy-fold. This growth is unmatched by any other major form of transport and is essential to economic progress. Demand for air services increases the influence of air transport on the global economy, making possible the rapid movement of millions of people and billions of dollars’ worth of goods to markets around the world.

Air transport facilitates world tradehelping countries participate in the global market by increasing access to main markets and allowing globalization of production. Air transport also encourages countries to specialize in activities in which they have a comparative advantage and to trade with countries producing other goods and services.

Aviation provides the only worldwide transportation network, which makes it essential for global business and tourism. It plays a vital role in facilitating economic growth, particularly in developing countries.

Air transportation closes to 2 billion passengers annually and 40% of interregional exports of goods (by value). 40% of international tourists now travel by air. The air transport industry generates a total of 29 million jobs globally (through direct, indirect, induced and catalytic impacts). Aviation’s global economic impact is estimated at US$ 2,960 billion, equivalent to 8% of world Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The world’s 900 airlines have a total fleet of nearly 22,000 aircraft. They serve some 1,670 airports through a route network of several million kilometers managed by around 160 air navigation service providers.

Air transport improves living standards, quality of life, by broadening people’s leisure and cultural experiences. It provides a wide choice of holiday destinations around the world and an affordable means to visit distant friends and relatives, and sometimes the only transportation means in remote areas, thus promoting social inclusion.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions on text 1.

1. What contribution does air transport make to the development of modern society? 2. How has the use of commercial aviation grown? 3. Why is air transport important for the economy? 4. What does air transport encourage? 5. How many people are employed in air transport sphere? 6. What is aviation’s global economic impact? 7. How many airlines are there in the world and what is their total fleet? 8. How can air transport improve living standards?

Exercise 4. Match the English-Ukrainian equivalents.

Exercise 5. Give Ukrainian equivalents.

Technical and service achievements, the greatest contributor, the advancement of modern society, jet airliner, use of commercial aviation, seventy-fold, essential to economic progress, demand for air services, global economy, rapid movement, world trade, to participate in the global market, globalization of production, to specialize in activities, to have a comparative advantage, goods and services, worldwide transportation network, a vital role, developing countries, to generate jobs, globally, economic impact, a total fleet, a route network, air navigation service provider, holiday destinations, affordable means.

Exercise 6. Give English equivalents.

Повітряний транспорт; галузь; досягнення; робити внесок; розвиток суспільства; реактивний літак; сімдесятикратний; непорівнюваний; економічний розвиток; попит на повітряні послуги; вплив; світова економіка; товар; полегшувати; брати участь; доступ до головних ринків; глобалізація виробництва; заохочувати; спеціалізуватися; види діяльності; порівняльна перевага; вести торгівлю; всесвітня мережа перевезень; сприяти; країни, що розвиваються; щорічно; міжрегіональний експорт; економічний вплив; парк літаків; мережа маршрутів; поліпшувати якість; розширювати досвід; місце призначення; доступний засіб; віддалений район.

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences.

1. The development and technical and service achievements of air transport make it one of the …. 2. Since … flew in 1949, use of … has grown more than seventy-fold. 3. Demand for … increases the influence of … on the global economy, making possible the … of millions of people and billions of dollars’ worth of goods to markets around …. 4. Air transport facilitates …helping countries participate in the … by increasing access to main markets and allowing …. 5. Air transport also encourages countries to … activities in which they have a … and to trade with countries producing …. 6. The world’s 900 … have a total … of nearly 22,000 aircraft. 7. Air transport provides a wide choice of … around the world and an … to visit distant friends and relatives. 8. Air transport is the only … in remote areas.

Exercise 8. Match the terms in the left column with definitions in the right column.

Exercise 9. Give terms to the following definitions.

1. An airliner that uses jet engine propulsion –

2. The part of civil aviation (both general aviation and scheduled airline service) that involves operating aircraft for hire to transport passengers or cargo –

3. The ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity (such as making a specific product) more efficiently than another activity –

4. The action of helping or doing work for someone –

5. A number of vehicles or aircraft operating together or under the same ownership –

6. A way or course taken in getting from a starting point to a destination –

7. The place to which someone or something is going or being sent.

Exercise 10. Give the definitions to the following terms: air transport, industry, jet airliner, commercial aviation, comparative advantage, goods, airfreight, service, fleet, route, destination.

Exercise 11. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions: in, since, on, by, for, of, to.

… the first jet airliner flew … 1949, use … commercial aviation has grown more than seventy-fold. This growth is unmatched … any other major form … transport and is essential … economic progress. Demand … air services increases the influence … air transport … the global economy, making possible the rapid movement … millions … people and billions … dollars’ worth … goods to markets around the world. Air transport facilitates world tradehelping countries participate … the global market … increasing access … main markets and allowing globalization … production.

Exercise 12. Put general questions to the following sentences.

1. Demand for air services increases the influence of air transport on the global economy, making possible the rapid movement of millions of people and billions of dollars’ worth of goods to markets around the world. 2. Air transport facilitates world tradehelping countries participate in the global market by increasing access to main markets and allowing globalization of production. 3. Aviation’s global economic impact (direct, indirect, induced and catalytic) is estimated at US$ 2,960 billion, equivalent to 8% of world Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 4. Aviation transports close to 2 billion passengers annually and 40% of interregional exports of goods (by value). 40% of international tourists now travel by air. 5. Air transport may provide the only transportation means in remote areas, thus promoting social inclusion.

Exercise 13. Write out of text 1 the words that can function both as nouns and verbs.

Exercise 14. Give nouns corresponding to the following verbs.

Develop, serve, achieve, grow, act, direct, include, provide, maintain, contribute, advance, generate, produce, move, participate, encourage, specialize, estimate, manage, improve, choose, carry, tend, expand.

Exercise 15. Translate into English.

1. Повітряний транспорт є одним з найбільших вкладників у розвиток сучасного суспільства. З часів першого польоту реактивного літака використання комерційної авіації зросло у сімдесят разів. 2. Попит на повітряні послуги збільшує вплив повітряного транспорту на світову економіку. 3. Повітряний транспорт сприяє світовій торгівлі та збільшує доступ країн до головних ринків, дозволяючи глобалізувати виробництво. 4. Завдяки повітряному транспорту країни спеціалізуються у тому виді діяльності, в кому вони мають порівняльну перевагу, і ведуть торгівлю з виробниками інших товарів і послуг. 5. Авіація щорічно перевозить близько 2 млрд пасажирів та 40 % міжрегіональних експортних товарів. 6. Повітряна галузь створює 29 млн робочих місць по всьому світу. 7. Авіатранспорт допомагає поліпшити якість життя і є доступним засобом доправлення до віддалених районів, відвідати далеких родичів та друзів.

Exercise 16. Read and translate the dialogue using words and word combinations below. Discuss the role of air transport.

Dialogue

A: It seems obvious that in our time air transport becomes more and more popular. I would like to discuss the following: what are the reasons of the increasing role of air transport in modern life?

B: The answer is very clear. It is expressed in the motto of many airlines: speed, comfort and time economy.

A: Right you are. But from the point of view of the economist what causes the growth of air traffic now?

B: The economic activity leads to the necessity of the expansion of trade relations which concern, as a rule, different regions or even different countries situated at long distances.

A: But passenger and freight services may be carried out by surface transport.

B: And it is so partly but in many cases the surface transport is not convenient or available (practicable) due to reasons of time and distances. Sometimes it is cheaper to carry by air than to build roads or railways.

A: And what about passenger carriages?

B: They also grow, both scheduled and non-scheduled, domestic and international. Air transport provides benefits by facilitating increased international contacts and understanding.

A: How does the air transport meet the demands of increased air transportations?

B: The air transport expands the network of its routes, offers different types of aircraft: wide-body, narrow-body, jet and prop planes, small and large ones, different kinds of services, different fares and charges, a number of additional services related to air transportations. And their number and quality tend to grow.

A: And what could you tell about the role of air transport in the development of social contacts, mutual understanding and peace?

B: I am sure that air transport being international by its nature, promotes the interchange of ideas among nations, professional skills and experience, it fosters tourism and economic contacts.

Exercise 17. Give English equivalents.

Швидкість, повітряний рух, відстань, обслуговування вантажу, наземний транспорт, зручний, наявний, перевозити авіатранспортом, регулярні і нерегулярні перевезення, внутрішній і міжнародний, маршрут, широкофюзеляжний літак, вузькофюзеляжний літак, гвинтовий літак, пасажирський тариф, плата, взаємообмін, сприяти.

Exercise 18. Open the brackets using appropriate tense form of the verbs and voice.

1. The answer (to be) very clear. 2. It (to express) in the motto of many airlines: speed, comfort and time economy. 3. The economic activity (to lead) to the necessity of the expansion of trade relations which concern, as a rule, different regions or even different countries situated at long distances. 4. Air transport (to provide) benefits by facilitating increased international contacts and understanding. 5. I (to be) sure that air transport being international by its nature, (to promote) the interchange of ideas among nations, professional skills and experience, it (to foster) tourism and economic contacts.

Exercise 19. Make up a dialogue of your own on “Air transport advantages”.

Exercise 20. Memorize the active vocabulary to text 2.

Exercise 21. Read and translate text 2 using the vocabulary.

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