Употребление артикля

Существительное в английском языке употребляется с артиклем (определённым – the и неопределённым – a,an).

Ознакомьтесь с правилами употребления артикля и выполните следующие упражнения.

Запомните следующие правила.

n Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.

n Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.

n Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание «nо» (не «not»).

n Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль а(аn). Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the.

This is a book. The book is interesting.

n Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.

Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:

at school, at home, at work

n Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.

This is a book. This is a good book.

n Неопределенный артикль а употребляется перед существительным, начинающимся согласной (а bag), артикль an стоит перед словом, начинающемся гласной (an apple)

Упражнения по теме: «Артикль»

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо

1. This is___book. It is my___book. 2. Is this your___pencil? — No, it isn't my___pencil, it is ray sister's___pencil. 3. I have___sister. My___sister is___engineer. My sister's___husband is___doctor. 4. I have no___handbag. 5. Is this___watch? — No, it isn't___watch, it's___pen. 6. This___pen is good, and that___pen is bad. 7. I can see___pencil on your___table, but I can see no___paper. 8. Give me___chair, please. 9. They have___dog and two___cats. 10. I have___spoon in my___plate, but I have no___soup in it.

Упражнение 2

1. This is___tree. ___tree is green. 2. I can see three___boys. ___boys are playing. 3. I have___bicycle. ___bicycle is black. My___friend has no___bicycle. 4. Our___room is large. 5. We wrote___dictation yesterday. ___dictation was long. 6. She has two___daughters and one___son. Her___son is___pupil. 7. My___brother's___friend has no___dog. 8. This___pencil is broken. Give me that___pencil, please. 9. She has___ball. ___ball is___big. 10. I got___letter from my___friend yesterday. ___letter was interesting.

Упражнение 3

1. This is___pen. ___pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ___pencils are black. 3. This is___soup. ___soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat___sandwich and drink___tea. 5. She gave me___coffee and___cake. ___coffee was hot. ___cake was tasty. 6. Do you like___ice-cream? 7. I see___book in your___hand. Is___book interesting? 8. She bought___meat,___butter and___potatoes yesterday. She also bought___cake. ___cake was very___tasty. We ate___cake with___tea. 9. This is my___table. On___table I have___book, two___pencils,___pen and___paper. 10. This is___bag. ___bag is brown. It is my sister's___bag. And this is my___bag. It is___yellow.

Упражнение 4

1. I have two___sisters. My___sisters are___students. 2. We are at___home. 3. My___brother is not at___home, he is at___school. 4. My___mother is at___work. She is___doctor. 5. I am not___doctor. 6. I have no'___sister. 7. He is not___pilot. 8. I have thirty-two___teeth. 9. He has___child. 10. She has two___children. Her children are at___school. 11. Is your father at___home? — No, he is at___work. 12. Where is your___brother? — He is at___home.

Упражнение 5

1. Where is___cat? —.. cat is on___sofa. 2. Where is___book? —.. book is on___shelf. 3. Where are___flowers? —___flowers are in___beautiful vase. 4. Where is.. vase? —___vase is on___little table near___window. 5. Open___window, please. ___weather is fine today. I can see___sun in___sky. I can see___nice little bird. ___bird is sitting in___big tree. ___tree is green. 6. There is___little white cloud in___sky. 7. We have___large room. There is___big sofa in___room and___little lamp on___wall over___sofa. I like to sit on___sofa and read___good book.

6.Вставьте артикль, где он необходим:

1. This... pencil is broken. Give me that... pencil, please. 2. I have ten programs on my computer. My favourite is... Microsoft Word. 3. My friend has... car.... car is broken now. My... friend has no... motorcycle. 4. Our flat... is large. 5. I received a... letter from my friend yesterday.... letter was very long. 6. She has two... daughters and one... son. Her... son is... lawyer. 7. My... brother’s... friend has no... dog. 8. This is... house.... tree is green. 9. They have... party.... party is... a birthday party.. 10. I read a book on marketing yesterday.... book was interesting and useful.

Самостоятельно изучите правила употребления артикля с именами собственными и выполните следующие упражнения

7. Используйте артикль, где он необходим:

1. Yesterday I saw... new film, but... film wasn’t very interesting. 2.... Washington is situated on... Potomac River, and... London is situated on... Thames. 3. Yuri Gagarin was... first man to fly over... Earth in... spaceship. 4. My younger sister will go to school... next year. 5. In... summer we went to... Black Sea coast. 6.... New York is one of... biggest business centers in... world. 7. Lomonosov was... great Russian scientist. He was born in... small village on... shore of... White Sea. 8. My mother is... accountant. I don’t want to be... accountant. I want to be... manager. 9. Is your dress made of... silk or... cotton? 10.... Peter’s brother is... student. He will be... economist soon. 11. One of my neighbors is... student of... faculty of Philosophy. Philosophy is... very difficult discipline.

8. Используйте артикли где необходимо:

1.... Germany is... most developed country in Europe. 2.... History and... Computer Science were... my favourite subjects at... school. 3.I don’t know... nearest way to... bank..4.... Economics is one of... most difficult disciplines at... University. 5. Usually I get up at... 7 o’clock in... morning. 6.... Rostov is situated on... Don. 7. Will you have... cup of... tea? 8. Warsaw is... capital of... Poland. 9. I shall go to... cinema with my... girlfriend. 10. This is... book,... book is very interesting. 11. Do you see... sun in... sky today?

Проверьте себя:

1.– What’s her job?

– She’s …. (a teacher, the teacher, teacher, teachers)

2. Britain is … island. (an, a, the, any)

3. Is she ….? (English, an English, a English, the English)

4. Excuse me, can I ask … question?(an, the, other, a)

5.Where’s ….? (the bag, bag, a bag, my bag)

6. What do you usually have …? (for lunch, for the lunch, for a lunch)

7. She has …. (a long hair, the long hair, long hair)

8. Would you like … coffee? (some, a, the, another)

9. Is there … on Mars? (a life, the life, life)

10. Can you tell me … time, please? (a, an, the, some)

11. She works six days…. Week. (a, the, in, in the)

12.... is so fresh to-day. (The air, An air, Air)

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