Health service in USA

Health care system in the USA is organized in three levels: family doctor, the medical institutions and the United States Public Health Service.

A family doctor gives his patients regular examination and inoculation.

But many Americans have no family doctor and they come directly to hospital for all their medical needs.

Social services are also available to the patients and their families in personal, emotional, financial problems.

Most hospitals have the following medical departments: surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and general medicine, trauma and intensive care unit, neurosurgical, renal and psychiatrics unit.

Emergency units are very special areas in the hospital.

The chief scientific problems in the USA are heart diseases cancer, of blood vessels, stroke and atherosclerosis.

Also of major importance in America are illnesses of aging, drug addiction and genetic problems.

Health service in Russia

Health service in Russia both preventive and curative is available to the whole population.

The network of clinics and policlinics dispensaries, hospitals and nursing centers is constantly growing.

The most distinctive tasks in the future of health service is the attention paid to prophylaxis.

One of the main tasks to fight against different diseases is the early detection of the first symptoms of the disease.

Periodical medical examinations are practiced in Russia.

Such examinations help to nip a disease in root.

The basic medical unit in Russia is the polyclinic for the adult population and for children.

The polyclinics have laboratories, x-ray, surgical and others department.

There is the Mother and Child Health care center in Russia.

The main task of this centre is to ensure the birth of healthy child.

Health service in Great Britain

The National Health Service was introduced in Great Britain in 1948.

But there are some administrative changes in 1982.

Medical treatment in free but charges are made for drugs, spectacles and dental care.

Free emergency medical treatment is given to any visitor from abroad who becomes ill while staying in the country.

Every person who wants to be under the NHS should weekly pay some money in the form of stamps.

Many people have enough money still prefer to be private patients.

97 per sent of the population use the NHS.

There are centers which provide consult services in general medicine and surgery ear-nost-throat discases, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, psychiatry and orthopedics.

The main scientific problems are cancer, heart diseases, the problem of immunology, blood vessels and stroke.

Heart diseases

Coronary artery disease is usually the result of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a from of arteriosclerosis, which generally means the deposition of any hard material in the walls of artereries, resulting in inflexibility.

Atherosclerosis is dangerous for two important reasons.

First: abnormal clotting of blood in the coronary arteries leading to a trombotic occlusion.

The area of dead miocardial tissues is known as infarction.

Rheumatic fever is caused by a streptococcal infection which indervectly affects all parts of the heart – endocardium, myocardium and pericardium – particularly heart valves.

Abnormal heart sound is heard with the aid of a stetoscope, and is usually caused be a valvular defect or disease.

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