MICROCOMPUTER FUNCTIONS

Microcomputer applications range from a number of single chip microprocessor units to some rather complex networks that employ several auxiliary chips interconnected together in a massive system. As general rule, the primary difference in this broad range of applications is in the memory capabilities of the system. Single-chip microprocessors are quite limited in the amount of memory they can process because of the large number of essential logic functions needed to make the unit operational. Additional memory, as a rule, can be achieved much more economically through the use of auxiliary chips. The potential capabilities of a microcomputer system are primarily limited by the range of memory that it employs.

Memory, in general terms, refers to the capability of a device to store logical data in such a way that a single bit or group of bits can be easily accessed or retrieved. In practice, memory can be achieved in a variety of different ways. Microprocessor systems are usually concerned with read/write memory and read-only memory. These two classifications of memory are accomplished by employing numerous semiconductor circuit duplications on a single IC chip.

Read/write memory permits the access of stored memory (reading) and the

ability to alter the stored data (writing). Read/write memory is commonly called random access memory (RAM). The read-only memory (ROM function is primarily concerned only with reading. ROM is primarily concerned with storing information that is not subject to change. When operation power is removed from a ROM device, it continues to retain its contents.

5. Give English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

Сложная сеть, вспомогательный чип, широкий диапазон, взаимосвязанный, способность памяти, дополнительная память, разнообразие, потенциальные возможности,

ПЗУ, память чтения-записи, полупроводниковые схемы.

6. Complete the following sentences:

1. Memory refers to the capability of a device to………..

2. Microcomputer operations vary from a number of single-chip microprocessor units to…….

3. A large number of essential logic functions limit……..

4. Microprocessor memory is divided into two main types of memory:

5. These two types of memory are accomplished by…….

6. Read/write memory is called……..

7. Rom is connected with…………

7. Answer the following questions:

1. What is meant by the term “memory”?

2. Why are single-chip microprocessors limited in the amount of memory?

3. How can additional memory be achieved?

4. What are the main types of microprocessor system memory?

5. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

TEXT B

1. Read the words and find their Russian equivalents:

Return (v), ultraviolet (a), dioxide (n), result (n), principle (n).

2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the underlined words.

1. Storage of this type of memory unit is provided with read-only memory.

2. A data pattern can be placed into memory by “blowing out ” the unwanted links.

3. A fusible link cannot be reformed after it has been destroyed.

4. The fusible link principle is used only once.

5. Writing data into the chip again initiates the new program.

6. Erasing the changed data of each MOS cell is achieved by exposing the chip to ultraviolet light.

7. Selective charge and discharge of each cell can be achieved by signals applied to the gate connection.

8. The charge and discharge of each cell can be achieved by signals.

9. The potential usefulness of EEPROM is quite large.

3. Read and translate the following words and word combinations:

Permanent program, rarely altered data, prime example, nonvolatile, power source, small capacitor, fusible link, interconnecting conductor, light exposure, entire unit, zero state, excessive leakage, dissipate (v), circuit board, restore, gate connection, programmable controllers, alterable program, data logger.

4. Read and translate the text.

Поиск по сайту: