Supplementary exercises

Ex.1. Read the international words and guess their meaning.

System

adapt

administer

organization

method

tradition

precedent

politics

expert

professional

practitioner

client

advocacy

practice

federal

agency

corporation

advocate

career

financial

culture

dispute

incorporate

dominant

jurisdiction

centralise

structure

hierarchical

characteristic

tradition

Ex.2. Translate the sentences comprising the words in Ex.1.

1. The Court of Appeal has a pivotal role in the English legal system.

2. An exper t is a person who is very skilled at doing something or who knows a lot about a particular subject.

3. Professional people have jobs that require advanced education or training.

4. The company requires clients to pay substantial fees in advance.

5. Advocacy is the way in which lawyers deal with cases in court.

6. Lawyers are sometimes referred to as practitioners.

7. Some firms have reached agreements to cut workers’ pay below the level set in their contract, a practice that is illegal in Germany.

8. My law practice isn’t the most important thing in my life.

9. In the USA foreign policy is decided by the federal government, and federal laws are made by Congress.

10. In the USA about 15% of government lawyers work for the various federal, state or local agencies.

11. In some large British cities, the corporation is the local authority that is responsible for providing public services.

12. An advocate is a lawyer who speaks in favour of someone or defends him or her in a court of law.

13. Dennis has recently begun a successful political career.

14. A United States delegation is in Japan solving financial difficulties for a major scientific project.

15. I was brought up in a culture that said you must put back into the society what you have taken out.

16. Negotiators failed to resolve the bitter dispute between the European Community and the United States over cutting subsides to farmers.

17. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.

18. The courts administer the law.

19. An army without organization would be useless.

20. There’s not much method in the way they do their accounts.

21. It is a tradition that women get married in long white dresses.

22. There are plenty of precedents in Hollywood for letting people out of contracts.

23. Tom is studying polities at university.

24. They incorporated his new ideas into their plans.

25. The castle was built in a dominant position on a hill.

26. The British police have no jurisdiction over foreign bank accounts.

27. Multinational firms tended to centralise their operations.

28. The chemical structur e of this particular molecule is very unusual.

29. A hierarchical system or organization is one in which people have different ranks, depending on how important they are.

30. Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.

31.It’s a tradition that women get married in long white dresses.

Ex.3. Read the words and give their Russian equivalents.

procedure

function

contrast

local

statute

classification

criminal

regulate

individual

person

relevant

version

special

finance

ordinary

act

subject

politics

control

constitutional

adequate

national

appellate

impeachment

magistrate

qualification

determination

stipendiary

Ex.4 Translate the sentences comprising the words in Ex.3.

1. 1.Writing a check is quite a simple procedure.

2. 2.The main function of the merchant banks is to raise capital for industry.

3. Conversation programs cannot function without local support.

4. This artist uses contrast (between light and dark) skillfully.

5. A statute is a permanent rule made by a body or institution for the government of its internal affairs.

6. The aim is to improve services at both the local and national level.

7. It’s criminal to waste money like that.

8. The judge sent the criminal to prison.

9. It’s a treatment that can carry risks, and in Britain it’s strictly regulated.

10. The rights of the individual are the most important in a free society.

11. Hotels within this classification offer only basic facilities.

12. She is the type of person who always offers to wash up after a party.

13. Once we have all the relevant information, we can make a decision.

14. The software comes in several versions for different types of computers.

15. Special care must be taken in handling very old books.

16. The scheme is being financed by the Arts Council.

17. He lives in an ordinary house in suburban Melbourne.

18. We strongly condemn any act of violence against innocent people.

19. The new law applies to Britain and all its subject territories.

20. She accused the Prime Minister of playing politics with people’s jobs.

21. Democrats are hoping to gain control of the House of Representatives at the next elections.

22. Most of the news media were controlled by the central government.

23. Whatever procedure we follow, it must be constitutional.

24. Existing levels of funding are not adequate to deal with this problem.

25. House prices in London are 5% higher than the national average.

26. A racially mixed jury in Miami convicted Lozano of manslaughter, but an appellate court overturned the convictions.

27. If the President’s action proves to be unconstitutional, that would be grounds for impeachment.

28. A magistrate is an official who acts as a judge in law courts which deal with minor crimes or disputes.

29. Lucy Thomson 16 wants to study theatre but needs more qualification.

30. There was an expression of fierce determination on her face.

31. A stipendiary magistrate receives a stipend.

Ex.5. Find the international words in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The best way of finding a solicitor in through personal recommendation.

2. A contract is a legal agreement, usually between two companies or between an employer and employee, which involves doing work for a stated sum of money.

3. The cost of administration is around £ 500.

4. The children have to sit a very difficult selection test.

5. Reform consists of changes and improvements to a law, social system, or institution.

6. The original plan was better than the plan we followed.

7. It is legally possible to nominate someone to act for Mayor.

8. The public will be able to nominate candidates for awards such as the MBE.

9. The Senate is expected to pass the bill shortly.

10. The new bill would remove student representation from the university Senate.

11. The Court ordered Dr. Williams to pay 300 euro compensation and 100 euro costs after admitting assault.

12. The tableswereorganised into sixdifferent categories.

13. The Cuban Government has asked for emergency aid from the international community.

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