I. Read and translate the text. A computer to complete (щоб виконувати) a job requires (потребує) more than just the actual equipment or hardware we see and touch

A computer to complete (щоб виконувати) a job requires (потребує) more than just the actual equipment or hardware we see and touch. It requires Software – programs for directing the operation of a computer or electronic data.

Software is the final (вирішальний) computer system component. These computer programs instruct the hardware how to conduct processing. The computer is merely a general-purpose machine which requires specific software to perform a given task. Computers can input (вводити), calculate (обчислювати), compare (порівнювати), and output (виводити) data as information. Software determines the order (визначати порядок) in which these operations are performed (виконуються).

Programs usually fall in one of two categories: system software and application (прикладне) software(системне і прикладнепрограмне забезпечення).

System software controls standard internal (внутрішній) computer activities. An operating system, for example, is a collection of system programs that aid (допомагати) in the operation of a computer regardless of (не дивлячись на) the application software being used. When a computer is first turned on, one of the systems programs is booted (запускається) or loaded (завантажується) into the computers memory. This software contains information about memory capacity (місткість пам’яті), the model of the processor, the disk drives to be used, and more. Once the system software is loaded, the application software can start to work.

System programs are designed (розроблено) for the specific pieces of hardware. These programs are called drivers (драйвери) and coordinate peripheral hardware and computer activities. User needs to install (встановити) a specific driver in order to activate his or her peripheral device (периферійний пристрій). For example, if you intend (мати намір) to buy a printer or a scanner you need to worry in advance about the driver program which, though (однак, проте), commonly (як правило) go along with (відповідати, підходити) your device. By installing the driver you “teach” your mainboard (системна/ материнська плата) to “understand” the newly attached part.

Application software satisfies (задовольняти) your specific need. The developers of application software rely mostly on marketing research strategies trying to do their best to attract (привернути) more users (buyers) to their software. As the productivity of the hardware has increased (збільшуватися) greatly in recent years, the programmers nowadays tend to include all kinds of gimmicks (хитрощі, приманка) in one program to make software interface look more attractive to the user. These class of programs is the most numerous and perspective from the marketing point of view.

Data communication within and between computers systems is handled by system software.

Communication software transfers (передавати) data from one computer system to another. These programs usually provide users with data security and error (помилка) checking along with physically transferring data between the two computers’ memories. During the last few years the developing electronic network communication has stimulated (спонукати) more and more companies to produce various communication software, such as Web- Browsers (програма перегляду та направлення інформації) for Internet.

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