Lection 6

1. Analyze the words, state what part of speech they belong to. Comment on their formation and meaning. Translate the words into Russian.

aside [a- + side - prefixation] - an adverb - в стороне, отдельно

afresh [a- + fresh - prefixation] - an adverb - опять, снова

antibody [anti- + body - prefixation]- a noun - антитело (био.)

antiwar [anti- + war - prefixation] - an adjective - антивоенный

countermotion [counter + motion - composition]- a noun - обратный ход, движение

decompose [de- + compose - prefixation] - a verb - разбирать; разлагаться

demilitarization [de- + militarize + -tion - prefixation and suffixation]- a noun - разоружение

disarrange [dis- + arrange - prefixation] - a verb - нарушать, приводить в беспорядок

discover [dis - + cover - prefixation] - a verb - обнаруживать, узнавать

extraterritorial [extra- + territorial - prefixation] - an adjective - экстерриториальный

extralogical [extra- + logical - prefixation] - an adjective - сверхлогический

ex-champion [ex + champion - prefixation] - a noun - бывший чемпион

ex-president [ex + president - prefixation] - a noun - бывший президент

ex-student [ex + student - prefixation] - a noun - бывший студент

immortal [in- + mortal - prefixation] - an adjective - бессмертный

indirect [in- + direct - prefixation] - an adjective - косвенный, непрямой

invariable [in- + vary + -able - prefixation and suffixation] - an adjective - неизменный, постоянный

interconnect [inter- + connect - prefixation] - an verb - связывать, соединять

interdependent [inter- + depend + -ent - prefixation and suffixation] - an adjective - взаимозависимый

outsider [out + side + -er - prefixation and suffixation] - a noun - постороннее лицо

outsit [out + sit - prefixation] - a verb - засидеться

overweight [over- + weight - prefixation] - a noun - избыток, перевес

overload [over- + load - prefixation] - a verb - перегружать, отягощать

non-resistance [non- + resist + -ance - prefixation and suffixation] - a noun - непротивление, пассивное подчинение

pre-fabricate [pre- + fabric + -ate - prefixation and suffixation] - a verb - изготавливать заводским способом

prehistoric [pre- + history + -ic - prefixation and suffixation] - an adjective - доисторический

predetermined [pre- + determine + -ed - prefixation and suffixation] - an adjective - предопределенный, заранее установленный

post-war [post- + war - prefixation] - an adjective - послевоенный

prorector [pro- + rector - prefixation] - a noun - замдиректора, замректора

rearrangement [re- + arrange + -ment - prefixation and suffixation] - a noun - перестановка, переделка

reconstruct [re- + construct - prefixation] - a verb - перестраивать, восстанавливать

subclass [sub- + class - prefixation] - a noun - подкласс, производный класс

substation [sub- + state + -tion - prefixation and suffixation] - a noun - подстанция

supersonic [super- + sonic - prefixation] - an adjective - сверхзвуковой, ультразвуковой

superheating [super- + heating - prefixation] - a noun - перегрев, перегревание

transatlantic [trans- + Atlantic - prefixation] - an adjective - заокеанский, трансатлантический

transcontinental [trans- + continent + -al = prefixation and suffixation] - an adjective - трансконтинентальный, пересекающий континент

untrue [un- + true - prefixation] - an adjective - неверный, ошибочный

ultrasonic [ultra (adj.) + sonic - composition] - an adjective - сверхзвуковой, ультразвуковой

ultramodern [ultra + modern - composition] - an adjective - сверхсовременный

vice-president [vice (preposition) + president - composition] - a noun - вице-президент

2. Translate the word-combinations into Russian. Analyse the structure of the derivatives used in them. Comment on the meaning of their prefixes.

3. State what part of speech of each the following words belong to. Read the pairs of words and comment on the stress in them.

1) ec’onomy (n) - econ’omic (adj), ‘industry (n) - in’dustrial (adj), tech’nology (n) - techno’logical (adj), ‘solid (adj) - so’lidity (n);

2) ‘Canada (n) - Ca’nadian (adj), ‘Europe (n) - Euro’pean (adj), Ja’pan (n) - Japa’nese (adj);

3) to ‘generate (v) - gene’ration (n), to in’vestigate (v) - investi’gation (n), to ‘form (v) - for’mation (n), to trans’form (v) - transfor’mation (n), to ‘specialize (v) - speciali’zation (n), to ‘calculate (v) - calcu’lation (n), to e’lectrify (v) - electrifi’cation (n), to ‘fabricate (v) - fabri’cation (n), to de’form (v) - defor’mation (n), to ‘analyse (v) - a’nalysis (n), ana’lytic (n); to ‘emphasize (v) - ‘emphasis (n), em’phatic (adj); to ‘automate (v) - auto’mation (n), to ‘separate (v) - sepa’ration (n).

4. Give the definitions of the following words:

1) composition - a type of word-building, in which new words are produced by combining two or more stems

2) compound words - is a lexeme that consists of more than one stem

3) compound-derivative - are words in which the structural integrity of the two free stems is ensured by a suffix referring to the combination as a whole, not to one of its elements

4) coordinative compound - compounds whose components are structurally and semantically independent and constitute to structural and semantic centres (fifty-fifty, actor-manager)

5) subordinative compound - compounds whose components are not equal in importance; the relation between them is based on the domination of one component over the other; the second component in this compound is the structural and semantic centre which imparts the part of speech meaning to the whole word (duty-free)

5. Translate the following compound words into Russian. State the type of compounds:

undertaker (гробовщик; предприниматель) - derivational compound;

stay-at-home (домосед, домоседка) - syntactic compound;

red-hot (раскаленный) - compound denoting colors;

bird’s eye (первоцвет) - morphological compound;

lady-bird (божья коровка) - simple structural compound;

jelly-fish (медуза) - simple neutral compound;

madbrain (сумасшедший) - simple neutral compound;

busybody (назойливый человек) - simple neutral compound;

brass-face (желтолицый) - simple neutral compound;

fire-eater (пожиратель огня) - simple neutral compound;

handiwork (ручная работа) - morphological compound;

officer-in-charge (уполномоченный) - syntactic compound;

early-riser («ранняя пташка») - derivational compound;

T-shirt (футболка) - contracted compound;

golden-haired (златоволосый) - derivational compound.

6. Translate the words into English. Compare the structure of the English and Russian words.

1. Старик - old man, рыбак - fisherman, колокольчик (цветок) - bluebell, campanula; свекровь - mother-in-law, зять - son-in-law, невеста - bride, белить - to whitewash.

2. Космодром - spaceport, космонавт - spaceman, ракетодром - rocket launch site, ракетоноситель - carrier-rocket.

3. Железная дорога - railway, космический корабль - spacecraft, spaceship; незабудка - forget-me-not, глухонемой - deaf-and-dumb, черноволосый - dark-haired, вечнозеленый - evergreen, голубоглазый - blue-eyed.

4. Самоанализ - self-examination, самовнушение - auto-suggestion, self-suggestion; самообразование - self-education, самоучитель - teach-yourself book, самостоятельный - self-dependent.

7. Compare the verbs with the corresponding nouns, comment on their form and meaning, translate them into Russian. Use these verbs in sentences of your own.

8. Write in full the shortened words. Define the type of shortening.

N.C.O. - Non-Commissioned Officer - военнослужащий сержантского состава [initial shortening];

pub - public house - паб, трактир, пивная [non-initial shortening];

ad - advertisement - объявление, реклама; - adapter - адаптер, переходное устройство [non-initial shortening];

fancy - fancywork - вышивка [non-initial shortening];

H-bomb - Hydrogen bomb - водородная бомба [initial shortening];

U-turn - поворот на 180 градусов [initial shortening];

UNO - the United Nations Organization - ООНБ Организация Объединенных Наций [initial shortening];

UNESCO - the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - Организация Объединенных Наций по вопросам образования, науки и культуры [initial shortening];

V-day - Victory Day - День Победы [initial shortening];

mike - microphone - микрофон [non-initial shortening];

sub - submarine (подводная лодка), subscription (пожертвование, взнос), substitute (замена), subeditor (редактор отдела), subsistence allowance (аванс) [non-initial shortening];

tec - detective - детектив, сыщик [non-initial shortening];

mob - сборище, толпа, большая группа людей [non-initial shortening];

lab - laboratory - лаборатория [non-initial shortening];

comfy - comfortable - уютный, удобный [non-initial shortening];

jeep - джип, небольшой разведывательный самолет [non-initial shortening];

choccy (choc) - chocolate - шоколад [non-initial shortening];

fridge - refrigerator - холодильник [non-initial shortening];

P.T.O. - Patent and Trademark Office - Служба патентов и торговых знаков [initial shortening].

9. Translate the following reduplicative compounds. Memorize them.

gee-gee - лошадка;

walkie-talkie - переносная рация;

ping-pong - настольный теннис;

dilly-dally - колебаться, мешкать;

wishy-washy - слабый, немощный, безликий, бледный;

shilly-shally - колебаться, проявлять нерешительность;

flip-flop - сальто, прыжок, резкий поворот;

helter-skelter - беспорядок, неразбериха, суматоха;

hanky-panky - мошенничество, обман;

hurly-burly - волнение, переполох, смятение.

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