Неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения

some [s m] – несколько, какой-то, какой-нибудь, сколько-нибудь, немного, некоторые;

somebody [΄s mbәdi], someone [‘s mw n] – кто-то;

something [΄s m i η] – что-то;

somewhere [΄s mwεә] – где-то, куда-то.

Местоимение some и его производные употребляются в утвердительных предложениях. Например:

Some people like strong tea. – Некоторые люди любят крепкий чай.

Give me some water, please. – Дайте мне, пожалуйста, воды.

any – какой-нибудь, сколько-нибудь, любой;

anybody, anyone – кто-нибудь;

anything – что-нибудь;

anywhere – где-нибудь, куда-нибудь.

Местоимение any и его производные употребляются в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях. Например:

Is anybody absent today? – Сегодня кто-нибудь отсутствует?

I don’t see anything. – Я ничего не вижу.

В утвердительном предложении any имеет значение «любой»:

Come to me at any time. – Приходите в любое время.

no, none [n n] – никакой, ни один;

nobody [΄noubodi] – никто;

nothing – ничто;

nowhere – нигде, никуда.

При наличии no или его производных глагол употребляется в утвердительной форме, поскольку в английском предложении может быть только одно отрицание:

I have no time. – У меня нет времени.

I see nothing bad in it. – Я в этом не вижу ничего плохого.

I met nobody. – Я никого не встретил.

every – каждый;

everybody – все;

everything – все;

everywhere – везде, повсюду;

much, many – много;

little, few – мало.

Much, little употребляются перед неисчисляемыми существительными; many, few перед исчисляемыми, например:

much work – много работы;

little ink – мало чернил;

many books – много книг;

few friends – мало друзей.

Little, few могут употребляться с неопределенным артиклем:

а little – немного;

а few – несколько.

Местоимение one употребляется:

а) чтобы избежать повторения существительного;

б) в значении «каждый».

Например:

This room is larger than that one. – Эта комната больше, чем та (комната).

One must read newspapers. – Нужно читать газеты.

Задание 6. * Заполните пропуски местоимениями:

а) some, any, no, every или производными от них.

1. You must ask … to help you in this work. 2. If I have … free time. I shall go … tonight. 3. Have you heard … about our plan? 4. Did … see this film yesterday? 5. Did you say …? – No, I said …. 6. I know … about it and he doesn’t know … about it either. … knows about it. 7. … is here and … is ready, we may begin the concert.

b) much, many, (a) little, (a) few.

1. There are … parks in our city. 2. How … English words do you know? 3. They work too …. 4. My brother can speak French …. 5. Dima has … Russian books but he has … English books at home. 6. I’ll tell you … words about my family.

Задание 7. Переведите на русский язык следующий рассказ, обращая внимание на местоимения.

An Accident

Some days ago I was in a small town on business. That morning it was raining heavily and there were few people in the street. Everything was wet, the road was slippery (скользкая). There were pools of water everywhere. Just as I was crossing the road some blue car came suddenly round the corner. It was travelling at such speed that it was clear the driver couldn’t do anything to control it. Then I saw the car hit (ударился) a lamp-post and turn over. Nobody was near.

At once I ran to the car and tried to help the driver. But I could do little. The man’s eyes were closed and there was much blood (кровь) on his face. I understood I must call somebody for help. I looked around and saw a young woman. She had already phoned for an ambulance (вызвала скорую помощь) and for a militiaman. A few minutes later the poor driver was taken to the hospital.

Next day I met the same young woman. She knew nothing about the driver.

К л ю ч и

Задание 1.

1. He; I, him. 2. They; We, them. 3. You; She, you. 4. You, it.

Задание 2.

His, her, their, our, your.

Задание 3.

1. His. 2. her. 3. their. 4. our. 5. your. 6. his. 7. its.

Задание 4.

1. Give me your notebook, please. 2. Give him my book. 3. Give them your textbook. 4. Give them our textbook. 5. Give her his newspaper. 6. I love him and his family. 7. I love them and their children. 8. I love you and your son. 9. I love you and your daughter. 10. She loves me and you. 11. She loves you, him, and his son. 12. She loves us and our parents. 13. She loves her children. 14. I like my work. 15. He likes his city. 16. Is this your pen? I like it. 17. Is this your pencil? I like its colour.

Задание 5.

this student, these newspapers, those books, this country, these children, that building, those teachers.

I like this book. This is my family. These are my friends. Give me these books and that pencil, please. Show me those magazines, please.

Задание 6.

а) 1. somebody. 2. some, somewhere. 3. anything. 4. anybody (anyone). 5. anything, nothing. 6. nothing, anything, nobody. 7. everybody, everything.

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