When Drafting, it is interesting to consider

Narration: Plot, character, setting Description: Sight, touch, taste, smell, hearing.

Dialogue: Show what people are like, rather than tell (Avoid telling; show aspects of a character through dialogue).

Defining Abstract Ideas:

Explore the subject in many ways/provide examples

If you are describing or defining courage, choose some particular actions that show courage

Did the man risk his life to save his friends?

Did the woman help the person everyone hated?

Did the boy not do what all his friends wanted him to do?

Other ways to define what you are writing about:

Elaborate on the characteristics, provide more information for the reader—specific, familiar, unfamiliar—vivid details, anecdotes, comparisons

Write an Introduction that makes your reader want to read more, leant more

Introduction: If we didn't have dictionaries, how could we learn what new words mean when we hear or read them?

Elaboration with Vivid Detail: Dictionaries are books with lists of words and their definitions. The words in a dictionary are listed alphabetically so that the reader may find the word he or she needs quickly.

Anecdote: When I first learned how to use a dictionary, I discovered a new world of knowledge. Finally, I could learn how to pronounce those long and difficult words, and what they really meant.

Comparison: A dictionary is similar to an encyclopedia, except that it does not concern itself primarily with geography, history, and culture; rather, it presents the technical meanings of individual words.

Conclusion of definition can be a summary or generalization.

Conclusion: The dictionary is one of the most helpful tools for one learning his own or a foreign language.

Analogies

Analogy: A comparison that uses two essentially different subjects in order to make a point; an analogy can be used to add humor or call attention to an otherwise ordinary topic: “A cup of coffee is like a brief visit from a good friend. When we have coffee, we have a chance to reflect and organize out thoughts, as if we were speaking to someone close to us. Hot coffee warms us as a friend's kind words would warm our hearts. And when we finish our coffee we feel refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to continue our daily activities”.

The Use of Analogies: Putting difficult or abstract ideas into familiar words.

· Love is like a carnival ride...

· People are like animals...

· Music is like the kiss of a lover...

When writing your analogy, what point are you trying to make?

Myths

Myth: Story that explains natural phenomenon; represents universal need and gives shape to the world around us; story of cause and effect.

Basic Story Elements of the Myth: Characters, plot, conflict, setting, dialogue, theme.

When Writing a Myth:

Introduce the Hero (Physical characteristics, non-physical characteristics).

Establish the Setting (Desert? Jungle? Forest? Sea?).

Develop the Situation (Problems, conflict).

Dialogue (Shows how characters are rather than telling).

Create an Ending (The effect of the cause — this is why the sky is blue, or why people don’t have tails).

Myths ask why

Hypotheses

Hypothesis: An educated guess; in writing, hypotheses are addressed as the possible solutions to a variety of questions

Question

Why do people enjoy dessert after a meal? Possible Hypotheses:

· Sweet foods like cakes and candy provide a refreshing contrast to a normally salty meal.

· Some people just aren't satisfied after eating meals.

· The body requires more sugar than a meal can provide.

· For most people, the meal is simply an appetizer before the real meal, the dessert.

The writer must test hypotheses —may research studies, articles, reports; may also set up formal experiments or interviews; may also closely observe human behavior.

After the hypotheses have been addressed, the writer looks for conclusions and determines whether his hypotheses were correct.

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