Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»

What's the Difference Between Nominal and Real?

Real Variables and Nominal Variables Explained

Question: I'm learning economics and I keep hearing the terms nominal and real all the time to describe things like interest rates. What's the difference between nominal and real?

Answer: Generally a real variable, such as the real interest rate, is one where the effects of inflation have been factored in. A nominal variable is one where the effects of inflation have not been accounted for. A few examples illustrate the difference:

Nominal Interest Rates vs. Real Interest Rates

Suppose we buy a 1 year bond for face value that pays 6% at the end of the year. We pay $100 at the beginning of the year and get $106 at the end of the year. Thus the bond pays an interest rate of 6%. This 6% is the nominal interest rate, as we have not accounted for inflation. Whenever people speak of the interest rate they're talking about the nominal interest rate, unless they state otherwise.

Now suppose the inflation rate is 3% for that year. We can buy a basket of goods today and it will cost $100, or we can buy that basket next year and it will cost $103. If we buy the bond with a 6% nominal interest rate for $100, sell it after a year and get $106, buy a basket of goods for $103, we will have $3 left over. So after factoring in inflation, our $100 bond will earn us $3 in income; a real interest rate of 3%. The relationship between the nominal interest rate, inflation, and the real interest rate is described by the Fisher Equation:

Real Interest Rate = Nominal Interest Rate - Inflation

If inflation is positive, which it generally is, then the real interest rate is lower than the nominal interest rate. If we have deflation and the inflation rate is negative, then the real interest rate will be larger.

Вариант 7

1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.

1. The North Sea and the English Channel separate Great Britain from the European continent. 2. The designer has been erecting this museum of history for 5 years. 3. They equipped the rocket with six engines having a total capacity of 20 million h.p. 4. Students will translate a very difficult text at the next lesson. 5. Before holidays Muscovites decorate the streets of the city with flags, flowers and decorations.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.

1. These data (are often referred to/refer to). 2. This phenomenon (will be spoken about/will speak). 3. This method (was used/ used) often because it saved time.. 3. The research workers (brought/was brought) many new devices to their laboratory last month. 4. The students (will show/will be shown) well-equipped lecture halls to their foreign students. 5. Workers (are building/are being built) a new office of a well-known company at present.

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.

1. She (to listen) to by everybody yesterday. 2. Papers after the conferences (to publish) often. 3. The results of his ten-year work (to refer to) by many scientists by last month. 4. His scientific work in the field of chemistry (to take notice of) next lecture. 5. His writings (to know) all over the world very often.

Поиск по сайту: