Transportation used to be much slower than it is now

For many years in desert, camels used to be the only form of transportation. Before the age of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes used to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often carried as much as 400 pounds and it could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation used to be so important that camels were called the "ships of the desert".

Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very short time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 camels. In addition, trains use special cars for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars carry heavy goods; and tank cars carry oil.

Air travels has changed too. The earliest planes were biplanes, with two sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air. The plane engines sometimes used to stop in the middle of a trip. It was impossible to fly in bad weather. In snow or rain, the wings frequently became icy. Then the plane might go down.

Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes. Monoplanes took the place of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small. Only rich people were able to travel in airplanes.

Now modern jets make air travels possible for all people. Further improvements have lowered the cost of flying, and they have made air travel much safer than it used to be. A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour. People never used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes. Now these things are a normal part of air travel.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

ВАРИАНТ 6

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глаголов. Предложения переведите.

1. We went on a tramp last Sunday.

2. Your brother will go to the country with us next Sunday.

3. My sister washes the dishes every morning.

4. There are many trees in our street.

5. Ann had got a head ache.

II. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы. Переведите предложения.

1. There is a library in the institute.

2. Her dress is more beautiful than mine.

3. The students wrote a test in English yesterday.

4. They will visit relatives in Penza tomorrow.

III. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Nobody has anything against your suggestions.

2. None of us read this article.

3. There are some people in the streets in the morning.

4. Nothing happened yesterday.

5. Let's go somewhere next weekend if the weather is fine.

IV. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. Someone wants to see you.

2. I missed the train yesterday.

3. There were not so many foreign firms in the city two years ago.

4. My brother is fond of pop music.

V. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Он приехал в наш город два года назад.

2. На подоконнике много цветов.

3. Холодно. Наденьте пальто.

4. У тебя есть словарь? – Да.

VII. Переведите письменно текст:

My best friend

I have many friends. Most of them are my former classmates but my best friend is Peter. He is fifteen. Now he is a student of a college. He is a good student because he studies hard and is very diligent. He wants to become a good specialist and he is especially interested in computers. He often helps me with my English lessons and I`m grateful to him for that.

Now I want to tell you about his appearance. He is rather tall and strong. He has an oval face, straight nose, dark-brown hair, blue eyes and a nice smile. People find him good-looking.

Peter goes in for sports. He plays football and basketball well. His basketball team is very popular at the college.

We made friends with Peter when he and his family moved to our house. We have very much in common: we like the same music, we both like reading. In general my friend is a very interesting: he is intelligent and well-read.

But the most important thing is that Peter is honest and kind. I can fully rely on him and trust everything to him. Peter has a great sense of humour and I like to spend my free time with him.

I have another friend. Her name is Natasha. She is a schoolgirl and she lives next door. I like her very much. She is a blonde with blue eyes, she is slim and pretty. Her hair is long and she has a nice complexion. I like all my friends very much. I think they are all my faithful friends.

VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.

1. Who is your best friend?

2. Where does your friend live?

3. How does your friend look like?

4. How did you make friends?

5. What do you have much in common?

6. Do you like to spend your free time with your friend?

7. Can you call all your friends faithful?

8. Is the sense of humour important in friendship?

9. What are the hobbies of your friends?

VIII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим выражениям:

Прилежный, хочет стать хорошим специалистом, интересоваться компьютерами, быть благодарным за, считать привлекательным, заниматься спортом, подружиться, иметь много общего, в общем, доверять, иметь чувство юмора, проводить свободное время.

ВАРИАНТ 7

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глаголов. Предложения переведите.

About myself

Let me introduce myself. My name is Vasinev Denis. I am 16. I was born on 15, January 1995 in Zarechny. Now I live in Zarechny with my family.

My family is not very large. We have four people in our family: my mother, my father, my elder brother and myself. My mother`s name is Marina Ivanovna. She is forty. She is a sales-woman. My father`s name is Alexander Petrovich. He is forty-five. He works at the factory. My elder brother is a student of the institute now. In two years he will become a lawyer. My family is friendly. We spend much time together.

There are three rooms in my flat: a living-room, my room and a bed-room. I share a room with my brother. It`s OK because I get along with him. We have all modern conveniences in our room: gas, hot and cold running water, electricity.

I my household duties about the house: I must throw rubbish and go to shop. Twice a day I walk my dog.

Now I am a first-course student at Zarechny technical institute of the level of professional education. I want to become a good specialist. That`s why I try to be a good student. My favourite subjects are Mathematics and History.

I have hobby. I go in for basketball and karate. I spend some time in the Internet chatting with my friends and looking for information. Like many teens I am fond of playing computer games. I have many friends. We spend much time together.

VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.

ВАРИАНТ 8

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глагола. Предложения переведите.

1. The contract will be ready the day after tomorrow.

2. The Russian firm wanted to buy a few computers.

3. Next week we'll meet the foreign delegation and first of all we'll go sightseeing of Moscow.

4. We haven't many English letters today but we have a lot of telexes.

5. The day before yesterday he had a talk with Mr. Camp and got the necessary materials from him.

II. Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы предложений. Переведите предложения.

1. She is four years younger than I am.

2. That was the shortest way.

5. My friend knows English much better than me.

6. Our company will buy cheaper office furniture next year.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.

1. Why didn't you ask somebody to call the factory manager and cancel the
appointment.

2. Nobody agreed to help them.

3. There are some people in the streets in the morning.

4. I want to stay in this town for a few days.

5. Please, don't make so much noise.

IV. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. The discussion wasn't of much interest to those who took in it.

2. She cried because her dog ran away.

3. They will spend their holidays in Japan.

4. There were not so many foreign firms in the city two years ago.

V. Переведите на английский язык.

ВАРИАНТ 9

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глаголов. Предложения переведите.

1. It will take me much time to go shopping next week.

2. My son did well at college.

3. On Saturdays I usually go to the market.

4. Was there any fax from Seattle last week? - Yes, we got four.

5. The American firm wanted to change prices on computers.

II. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы. Предложения переведите, обращая внимание на перевод степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

Письмо 1

When people have problems, the first thing to do is to talk. Tell them what makes you unhappy. Just be brave when you speak to them. Don`t use words like «never» and «always». Don`t use words that hurt people. Speak calmly.

If communication does not provide a solution, ask someone who is older than both of you for help. If they don`t support you, take things into your own hands and be firm.

If you can`t do it one way, try another. This is how great discoveries are made.

Diana

Письмо 2

To resolve a conflict, think about it first. Be calm, confident and relaxed. It is also important to have аsenseof humour.

Don't think of everyone as different. As sооnas you pick out their differences and begin to criticise them, you are in trouble. Differences can sometimes be a good thing: two people who think exactly the same can`t achieve much. Discussing two contrary ideas can sometimes lead to a better solution.

I think that if all the countries in the world really talk about their problems, they will find answers. We need to get along.

Frank

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